A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GALENUS. GALENUS. 215
1tion of the book, he has found nothing to prove
that Galen was not the writer; whereas severalN THERAPEUTICS, INCLUDIN
passages seem to agree exactly with the circumstances of his life; as, for instance, where he 86. 0epa7revTLKi) MAOo os, Medendi AMethodus,
speaks of what he had himself seen at Alexandria (vol. x.) This is one of Galen's most valuable and
(c. 8. p. 237.) Compare also the mention of celebrated works, and was written when he was
Demetrius (c. 12. p. 261.) with what is said of advanced in years. 87. Td rpts rAaKva, ~epa,him. (De Antid. i. 1. vol. xiv. p. 4.) The work WrevTKai, Ad Glauconem de Medendi Mlethodo (vol.
(unless it be a wilful forgery, which is not xi.). 88. rlepl,AeCgorouTas rpods'Epa'arppaToV,
likely) was certainly written by a contemporary of De Venae Sectione, adversus Erasistratum (vol.
Galen, and in fact between the years 199-21], xi.). 89. nIepl'IAeGoTroAias 7rpas'EpatorTpaeTriovs
as the author mentions (c. 2. p. 217) two emperors TroVs iv'Pr1A/,, De Venae Sectione adversus Eraas reigning at the time, which can only refer to sistrateos Romae degentes (vol. xi.). 90. rlepl
Severus and Caracalla. Upon the whole, as the 4,AeCoToltars OEpatreuTLKov BG;ALov, De Curandi
work has not been proved to belong to any other JRatione per Venae Sectionem (vol. xi.). 91. re1pl
author, and as there is both external and internal Mapaalzuoi, De Marasmo (vol. vii.). 92. T(o'E7r&evidence in its favour, the writer is inclined to A;7T1rKL riaisl'qTroOK;n, Pro Puero Epileptico
think its genuineness at least as probable as its Consilium (vol. xi.). 93. Isepl -BEAACwvs'ATa0irdspuriousness; and the question is of some import- oegs,K:tv'as,'EyXapdtews, Kal KaCuar'axa-Zc^, De
ance, because (as has been mentioned above), if Hirudinibus, Revulsione, Cucurbitula, Incisione et
Galen really did write the book, he must have Scarificatione (vol. xi.). 94. nfpl Trs?Ctv KaOaulived some years later than is commonly supposed. pdOvTwov caplUdCWV AvaUe'4ews, De Purgantium
76. 1Iepl. TSr ~0-paKcs.7rpds IIa/uLhPAavov,'De Medicamentorum Facultate (vol. xi.), of- doubtful
Theriaca ad Pamphilianum (vol. xiv.). This is also genuineness. 95. Ile~pl rczv'E7rL5EsYuo', De Fasciis
considered by some critics to be of doubtful genu- (vol. xviii. pt. i.), of very doubtful genuineness.
ineness, but (in the writer's opinion) without suffi- 96. rIepl 4,AeGoTrooias, De Venae Sectione (vol.
cient reason, as mention is made in it of Galen's xix.), spurious. 97. rIepl ris.,rcv ev NseppoI
visiting Rome (p. 295.), and of his tutor, Aelianus naOcv, Ltapyv eobos Kail epanreias, De Renum
Meccius (p. 299). 77. Liber Secretorion ad Mon- AjTectuum D)ignotione et Curatione (vol. xix.), sputeum (vol. x. ed. Chart.), spurious. 78. De Me- rious. 98. De Colico Dolore (vol. x. ed. Chart.),
dicinis Expertis (vol. x. ed Chart.), spurious. 79. spurious. 99. Introductorius Liber Varias MorboHiep Me'pcov Kal' ZTaOlOV ALbcaIKaCaS, -De Pon- rum Curas complectens, spurious. 100. De Cura
deribus et Mensuris Doctrina(vol. xix.), spurious. Icteri (vol. x. ed. Chart.), spurious. 101. IIepl
80. Hepl'Av'eluxakAAogs'vov, De Succedaneis (vol. MeAayXoAav 1eK'Tz raAXvo%, Kiac'PovO,,Kal
xix.), spurious. 81. De Simplicibus Medicamentis aAAWcov vctv, De Ilelancholia ex Galeno, -Rufo, et
ad Paternianum (vol. xiii. ed. Chart.), spurious. aliis quibusdam (vol. xix). 102. De Oculis (vol.
82. De Plantis (vol. xiii. ed. Chart.), spurious. xi. ed. Chart.), spurious. 103. De Gynaeceis, i.e.
83. De Virtute Centaureae (vol. xiii. ed. Chart.), De Passionibus Muliersm (vol. vii, ed. Chart),
spurious. 84. De Clysteribus (vol. xiii. ed. Chart.), spurious. 104. De Cura Lapidts (vol. x. ed.
spurious. 85. De Catharticis (ap. Spuria, in ed. Chart.), spurious. 105. De Dynamidiis (vol. x. ed.
Junt.), spurious. Chart.), spurious. 106. Tvas ei $KKccaOaipev, Kal
In Materia Medica Galen's authority was not srolois KaOaprpT7lois, Kal TO'Tr, Quos quibus Caso high as that of Dioscorides: he placed im- tharticis Medicamentis, et quando puryare oporteat
plicit faith in amulets, and is supposed by Cullen (vol. x. ed. Chart.).
to be the author of the anodyne necklace, which To give a complete account of Galen's system of
was so long famous in England. In Galen's Therapeutics would be in this place impracticable;
works, De Compositione Medicamentorum. seun- some remarks on the general principles by which
dumn Genera and De Conmpos. Medicamentorum he was guided is all that can be here attempted.
secundum Locos, we have -a large collection of He did not depend solely upon experience, like the
compound medicines; and the number of com- Empirici, nor on mere theory, but endeavoured
positions for the same disease, and the number of judiciously to'combine the advantages of both
ingredients in most of the compositions, sufficiently methods. His practice is based on the two fundashow the great want of discernment in the nature mental maxims: 1. That disease is something conof medicines that was then felt. This want of trary to nature, and is to be overcome by that
discernment is also very apparent in Galen himself; which' is contrary to the disease itself; and 2;
for, although he frequently expresses his own opi- That nature is to be preserved by that which' has
nion, yet certainly it would appear that from his relation with nature. From these two maxims
own observation or experience he had not arrived arise two general indications of treatment; the
at any nice judgment in the subject of Materia one taken from the affection contrary to nature,
Medica, as these works are almost entirely cornm- which affection requires to be overcome; the other
piled from the writings of Andromachus, Archigenes, from the strength and natural constitution of the
Asclepiades Pharmacion, Dioscorides, and a number body, which requires to be preserved. As a disof other authors who had gone before him. After ease cannot be entirely overcome'as long as its
the time of Galen no change in the plan of the cause exists, thisis (if possible) to be in the first
Materia Medica was made by any of the Greek place removed; the symptoms, in general, not rephysicians; for, although in Aetius, Oribasius, and quiring any particular treatment, because they will
some others, there are large compilations on the disappear with the disease on which they depend.
subject, yet they are nothing more than compila- The strength of the patient is to be considered
tions, conspicuous for the same imperfections which before we proceed to the treatment; a d when this
are so remarkable in the writings of Galen himself. is much reduced, we shall oftena forced to omit
See Cullen's "Treatise of the Materia Medica." the exhibition of a remedy which would otherwise
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