A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

GADATA S. GAEA. 195
levied troops, in order to reinforce Q. Cornificints. Assyrian king; but Cyrus hastened to his relief,
Fearing the fleet of the Pompeiani, he went by lalld, and saved him and his forces at a very critical
and, on his march, was much harassed by the Dal- moment. After this Gadatas, through fear of the
matians. In the neighbourhood of Salonae, after Assyrians, left his satrapy and joined the army of
having lost more than 2000 men in an engagement Cyrus, to whom he proved of great use, through
with the natives, he threw himself into the town his knowledge of the country. On the capture of
with the remainder of his forces, and for some time Babylon, the king was slain by Gadatas and Godefended hinlself bravely against M. Octavius, BRYAS. (Xen. Cyrop. v. 2. ~ 28, 3. ~~ 8 —29
but, in a few months, he was seized with a mortal 4. ~~ 1-14, 29-40, vii. 5. ~~ 24-32.) [E. E.]
illness, and died about the end of the year B. C. GAEA or GE (rala or r'), the personification,48, or the beginning of the following year. (Ap- of the earth. She appears in the character of a
pian, Illyr. 12 and 27, Bell. Civ. ii. 59; Dion divine being as early as the Homeric poems, for we
Cass. xlii. 11, 12.) read in the Iliad (iii. 104) that black sheep were
(A. Rachenstein, Ueber A. Gabinius eia Pro- sacrificed to her, and that she was invoked by pergramrn. 8vo. Aarau. 1826; Drumann, G(esch. Roms. sons taking oaths. (iii. 278, xv. 36, xix. 259, Od.
avtiv. pp. 40-62, where all the authoritiesare col- v. 124.) She is further called, in the Homeric
lected). poems, the mother of Erechtheus and Tithyus. (Ii.
6. A. GABErmrUe SImSNNA, the son of No. 5, by ii. 548, Od. vii. 324, xi. 576; comp. Apollon.
his wife Loflia, accompasied his father to Syria, Rhod. i. 762, iii. 716.) According to the Theoand remained in that province, with a.few troops, gony of Hesiod (117, 12,5, &c.), she was the first
while his father was engaged in resterin Ptolemy being that sprang from Chaos, and gave birth to
Auletes to the throne of Egypt. When MIemsins, Uranus and Pontus. By Uranus she then became
was exciting the people against his father, he tnLemother-of a series of beings, —Oceanus, Coeus,
flung himself at the feet of Memmius, who treated Creius, Hyperion, Iapetus, Theia, Rheia, Themis,
him with indignity, and was not softened by his Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Thetys, Cronos, the Cyclopes,
supplicating posture. In classical writers he is Brontes, Steropes- Arges, Cottus, Briareus,. and
never spoken of by any other name than Sisenna. Gyges. These childri -of Ge and Uranus were
(Val. Max. viii. 1. ~ 3; Dion Cass. xxxix. 56.) hated by their father, and A 6therefore concealed
7. P. GABiNIUS CAPITO'was praetor in B. C. 89, them in the bosom of the earth; but she made a
and afterwards propraetor in Achaia, where he was large iron sickle, gave it to her sons, and requested
guilty of extortion, for which, upon his return to them to take vengeance upon their father. Cronos
Rome, he was accused by L. Piso (whom the undertook the task, and mutilated Uranus. The
Achaei had selected as their patronus), and con- drops of blood which fell from him upon the earth
demned. (Cic. pro Arch. 5, Div. in Caecil. 20.) (Ge), became the seeds of the Erinnyes, the GiLactantius (i. 6) mentions him as one of the three gantes, and the Melian nymphs. Subsequently Ge
deputies who were sent in B. c. 76 to Erythrae to became, by Pontus, the mother of Nereus, Thaucollect Sibylline prophecies. mas, Phorcys, Ceto, and Eurybia. (Hes. Theog.
8. P. GABINIUS CAPITO (perhaps a son of No.7) 232, &c.; Apollod. i. I. ~ 1, &c.) Besides these,
was one of the most active of Catiline's accom- however, various other divinities and monsters
-plices. When questioned by Cicero, who sent for sprang from her. As Ge was the source from which
him after the arrest of the Allobrogian deputies, he arose the vapours producing divine inspiration, she
at first boldly denied having had any communica- herself also was regarded as an oracular divinity,
tion with them. He was afterwards consigned to and it is well known that the oracle of Delphi was
the custody of M. Crassus, and executed. He believed to have at first been in her possession
seems to be the same as C. Gabinius Cimber. (Sall. (Aeschyl. Eum. 2; Paus. x. 5. ~ 3), and at Olympia,
Bell. Cat. 17, 40, 44, 47, 55.; Cic. in Cat. iii. 3, 5, too, she had an oracle in early times. (Paus. v. 14.
6, iv. 6.) [J. T. G.] ~ 8.) That Ge belonged to the Beol xODiv1o, reGA'BIUS API'CIUS. [APIcous, No. 2.] quires no explanation, and hence she is frequently
GA'BIUS BASSUS. [BAssts.] mentioned where they are invoked. (Philostr. Fit.
GA'BRIAS. [BABRrAS.] A4poll. vi. 39; Ov. Met. vii. 196.) The surnames
GABRIE'LIUS (raepi4Ar os), prefect of By- and epithets given to Ge have more or less referzantium, under the emperor Justinian. The ence to her character as the all-producing and allGreek Anthology contains an inscription for his nourishing mother (nmater onniiparens et alma), and.
statue, by Leontius (Brunck, Anal, vol. iii, p. 103; hence Servius (ad Aen. iv. 166 ) classes her together
Jacobs, Anthi. Graec. vol. iv. p. 74), and one epi- with the divinities presiding over marriage. Her
gramn by Gabriel himself. (Brunck, Anal. vol. iii. worship appears to have, been universal among the
p. 7; Jacobs, Antls. Graec. vol. iii. p.-228.) The Greeks, and she had temples or altars at Athens,
astrological writer, Johannes Laurentius Lydus, Sparta, Delphi, Olympia, Bura, Tegea, Phlyus, and
inscribed three of his books to Gabriel. There other places. (Thuc. ii. 15; Paus. i. 22. ~ 3, 24.
ire several ecclesiastical writers of this name, but ~ 3, 31. ~ 2, iii. 11. ~ 8, 12. ~ 7, v. 14. ~ 8, vii.
they are of no importance. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. 25. ~ 8, viii. 48. ~ 6.) We have express statevol. iv. pp. 156, 475; Jacobs, Antih. Graec. vol. ments attesting the existence of statues of Ge in
aiii. pp. 895-6.) [P. S.] Greece, but none have come down to us. At Patrae
GA'DATAS (ra$dasa], an Assyrian satrap, re- she was represented in a sitting attitude, in the
volted to Cyrus, according to Xenophon in the temple of Demeter (Paus. vii. 21. ~4), and at
Dyropaedeia, to revenge himself on the king of Athens, too, there was -a statue of her. (i. 24. ~ 3.)
kssyria, who had had him made an eunuch be- Servius (ad Aen. x. 252) remarks that she was re-'ause, being a handsome man, one of the royal presented with a key.:oncubines had cast on him an eye of favour. At Rome the earth was worshipped under the
Hlaving found means to betray to Cyrus an im- name of Tellus (which is only. a variation of Terra).
mortant fortress, his province was invaded by the There, too, she was regarded as an infernal divinity
o 2