A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ELEUTHER. ELIAS. 9
Tliose wllo implored the assistance of the Athe- ELEUTHEREUS ('EAevOepevs), a surname of
nians, such as Adrastus and the Heracleidae, ap- Dionysus, which he derived either from Eleuther,
proached as suppliants the altar of Eleos. (Apollod. or the Boeotian town of Eleutherae; but it may
ii. 8. ~ 1, iii. 7. ~ l; Schol. ad Soph. Oed. Col. also be regarded as equivalent to the Latin Liber,
258 ).. [L. S.] and thus describes Dionysus as the deliverer of man
ELEPHANTIS, the writer of certain amatory from care and sorrow. (Pans. i. 20. ~ 2, 38. ~ 8;
works (molles Elephantidos libelli), the character of Plut. Quaest. Rom. 101.) The form Eleutherius is
which is sufficiently evident from the notices con- certainly used in the sense of the deliverer, and
tained in Martial and Suetonius. We know not occurs also as the surname of Zeus. (Plut. Sympos.
with certainty the sex of the author, nor in what vii. in fin.; Pind. 01. xii. 1; Strab. ix. p. 412;
language the pieces were composed, nor whether Tacit. Ann. xv. 64.) [L. S.]
they were expressed in prose or verse; but the ELIAS ('HAlas). This name, which is of
grammatical form of.the name seems to indicate Hebrew origin, belongs to several Greek writers,
that the person in question was a female, and that chiefly ecclesiastics, of the Byzantine empire.
she was either a Greek by birth or of Greek ex- There were several prelates of the name in the
traction. By the historians of literature she is Oriental patriarchates and bishoprics, and several
generally ranked among the poetesses. (Martial, writers, chiefly ecclesiastics, in the Oriental tongues,
Ep. xii. 43. 5; Suet. Tib. 43; Priapei. iii.; Sui- for whom see Assemanni, Bibliothleca Orientalis, and
das, s. v.'Aou'vdvaeera.) Galen quotes a treatise Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ix. p. 257, xi. p. 614. We
7repi KOOj7iTLK'cV by this or some other Elephantis. give only those belonging to Greek biography. In
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. viii. p. 158; comp. Span- Latin the name is frequently written Helias.
heim, de Praestantia et Us Numrism. Diss. ix. p. 1. 2. 3. E:ILAS. There were three patriarchs of
771.) [W. R.] Jerusalem of this name. Elias'I. was patriarch from
ELEPHE'NOR ('EAXePvwop), a son of Chalco- A. D. 494 or 495 till his deposition by a council held
don, and prince of the Abantes in Euboea, whom at Sidon, whose decree was enforced, A.D. 513,by the
he led against Troy in thirty or forty ships. HI-e emperor Anastasius 1. He died in exile A. D. 518.
there fell by the hand of Agenor. (Hom. II. ii. Elias II. held the patriarchate from A. D. 760, or
540, iv. 463; Hygin. Fab. 97; Diet. Cret. i. 17.) earlier, to 797, with the exception of an interval,
I-lygiinus calls his mother Imenarete, and Tzetzes when he was expelled by an intrusive patriarch
(ad Lycoph. 1029) Melanippe. He is also men-' Theodorus. He was represented at the second
tioned among the suitors of Helen (Apollod. iii. general council of Nicaea, A. D. 787, by Joannes, a
10. ~ 8), and was said to have taken with him to presbyter, and Thomas, principal of the convent of
Troy the sons of Theseus, who had been entrusted St. Arsenius near Babylon in Egypt: these eccleto his care. (Plut. T/es. 35; Pans. i. 17. ~ 6.) siastics were also representatives of the patriarchs
According to Tzetzes, Elephenor, without being of Alexandria and Antioch. Elias III. was paaware of it, killed his grandfather, Abas, in con- triarch at least as early as 881, when he sent a
sequence of which he was obliged to quit Euboea. letter to Charles le Gros and the prelates, princes,
When therefore the expedition against Troy was and nobles of Gaul. A Latin version of the letter of
undertaken, Elephenor did not return to Euboea, Elias to Charlemagne (for it is scarcely probable
but assembled the Abantes on a rock on the Euri- that the original was in that language) was pubpus, opposite the island. After the fall of Troy, lished in the Spicilegium of D'Achery. Elias died
which, according to some accounts, he survived, he about A.D. 907. (Papebroche, lractatus preliminaris
wentto the island of Othronos near Sicily, and;: de Episcopis et Patriarchis Scanctere Rierosol2/mitamae
driven away thence by a dragon, he went to Ecclesiae in the A eta Sanctorume: Maii, vol. iii. with
Amautia in Illyria. (Lycophr. 1029, &c.) [L. S.] the Appendix in vol. vii. p. 696, &c.; Labbe, ConELEUSI'NA or ELEUSI'NIA ('EkEvoamia), cilia, vol. vii.; D'Achery, Spicileg. vol. iii. p. 363,
a surname of Demeter and Persephone, derived ed. Paris, 1723.)
from Eleusis in Attica, the principal seat of their 4. ELIAS of CHARAX. A Manuscript in the
worship. (Virg. Georg. i. 163; Phornut. N. D. library of St. Mark at Venice contains a citation,
27; Steph. Byz. s. v.'EAevlas.) [L. S.] printed by Villoison, from a Greek treatise on verELEUSIS ('EAUvot[s), a son of Hermes and sification by "Helias, a monk of Charax." VilDaeira, the daughter of Oceanus. The town of loison states that the passage cited by him is, in
Eleusis in Attica was believed to have derived its several MSS. of the King's Library at Paris, imname from him. (Paus. i. 38. ~ 7; Apollod. i. 5. properly ascribed to Plutarch. Harless incorrectly
~ 2; Hygin. Fab. 147.) He was married to represents Villoison as speaking of two works of
Cothonea or Cyntinia. (Hygin. I. c.; Serv. ad Helias on versification, and without, or rather
Vir}. C.eoig. i 19.) [L. S.] against authority, connects the name of Elias of Crete
ELEUSIS ('EAcv[ls), is quoted by Diogenes with them. Part of this work is printed by HerLaeirtius (i. 29) as the author of a work on Achilles mann in an Appendix to his edition of Dracon of
(7repl'AxAA'h es). [L. S.] Stratoniceia. [DRACON.] (Villoison, Anecd. Graec.
ELEUTHER ('EsuerOmp), a son of Apollo and vol. ii. pp. 85, 86; Fabric.Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 338.)
Aethusa, the daughter of Poseidon, was regarded 5. ELIAS ofCRETE. There are several works
as the founder of Eleuthemre in Boeotia. (Steph. extant ascribed to Elias Cretensis, whom Rader,
Byz. s. v.'EAuvOepat.) He was the grandfather Cave, Fabricius,'and others, suppose to have been
of Jasius and Poemander, the founder of Tanagra. Elias, bishop (or rather metropolitan) of Crete,
(Paus. ix, 20. ~ 2.) He is said to have been the who took part in the second general council of
first that erected a'statue of Dionysus, and spread Nicaea, A. D. 787. (Labbe, Concilia, vol. vii.)
the worship of the god. (Hygin. Fab. 225.) There LennclaVius considers that the author was a differare two other mythical personages of the same ent person from the prelate, and places the former
name. (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 39; Steph. Byz. s. qv. in the sixth century or thereabout. (Prooenmiua'EAeuvepcm.).: [Jl. S.] i ti Cfeyorii ToiriNaziczeni S1iOcra.). Oudin, Who