A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

170 FLAVIANUS. FLAVIAN US.
timlacy, but not of actual relationship. Gothofredus cular tribunals. The names of the general judges,
appears to distinguish between this Flavian and so appointed by Justinian in A. D. 539 are Anatoone who was praetorian praefect in 391 and 392; lius, Flavianus, Alexander, Stephanus, Menas, a
but we concur with Tillemont in identifying the second Alexander, Victor, and T heodorus, of Cyzitwo. Tillemont also (and we think justly) refers cum. At the same time the following persons were
to this Flavian the inscription given above [No. 5], appointed superior judges, with high rank: Plato,
in which his second praefecture and consulship are Victor (different from the former Victor), Phocas,
recorded. He was, like Symmachus, a zealous and Marcellus. To these the administration of
pagan, and a supporter of the usurper Eugenius, justice at Constantinople was confided, in subordifrom whom he and Arbogastes the Frank solicited nation to the emperor's ministers of state (apXoevEr).
and obtained the restoration of the Altar of Victory Their powers, duties, and emoluments, are preat Milas. It is probable that he was the person scribed by the 82nd Novell. [J. T. G.]
mentioned by Paullinus of Milan, as having threat- FLAVIA'NUS, ecclesiastics. 1. Of ANTIOCH,
ened that, if they were successful in the war with was born, probably, in that city, and in the earlier
Theodosius, they would turn the church of Milan part of the fourth century. His parents died when heinto a stable. The text of Paullinus has, in the was young; but he resisted the temptations arising
notice of this incident, the name Fabianus, which from rank, wealth, and early freedom from parental
is probably a corruption of Flavianus. He was emi- control, and devoted himself to study and ascetic
nent for his political sagacity, and his skill in the exercises, not carrying the latter, however, to such
pagan methods of divination, in the exercise of excess as to injure his constitution. He was rewhich he asnured Eugenius of victory; and when markable for the early sedateness of his character,
Theodosius had falsified his predictions, by forcing so that Chrysostom doubts if he could ever be said
the passes of the Alps, he, according to Rufinus, to have been a young man. On the deposition of
"judged himself worthy of death," rather for his Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, A. D. 329 or 330,
mistake as a soothsayer than his crime as a rebel, or perhaps 331, by the Arian party [EUSTATHIUS,
Eugenius had appointed him consul (A. D. 394), No. 1], Flavian is said to have followed him into
though his name does not appear in the Fasti; and exile. But this is somewhat doubtful, from the
Tillemont infers from the passage in Rufinus that silence of Chrysostom, and from the fact that,
he commanded the troops defeated by Theodosius though the bishops who succeeded Eustathius were
i.n the Alps, and that he chose to die on the field of Arian or Eusebian sentiments, Flavian did not
rather than survive his defeats; but this inference secede from the communion of the church, as the
is scarcely authorized. It is more likely that, as more zealous supporters of Eustathius did. Yet
Gothofredus gathers from the letters of Symma- Flavian was a strenuous supporter of orthodoxy,
chus, he survived the war, and that his life was and his opposition, with that of his coadjutor Diospared, though he was deprived of his praefecture dorus, though they were both yet laymen, comand his property. It is difficult, however, to dis- pelled the bishop Leontius to prohibit Abtius, who
tinguish from each other the Flaviani mentioned by was preaching his heterodox doctrines at Antioch,
Symmachus, whose letters are very obscure; and under the bishop's protection [AETIUS], from the
possibly thisFlavian has been confounded with No. 7. exercise of the functions of the deaconship to which
(Symmach. Epist. passim; Sozom. Hist. Ece. vii. 22; he had just been raised. The date of this transacRufin. Hist. Ece. ii. 33; Paullin. Mediol. Vita tion is not fixed; but the episcopate of Leontius
Arzbros. c. 26, 31, in Galland. Bibl. Patr. vol. ix.; commenced in A. D. 348, and lasted about ten
Cod. Theod. 1. tit. 1. s. 2; 3. tit. 1. s. 6; 7. tit. years. Whether Flavian and Diodorus were at
18. s. 8; 9. tit. 28. s. 2; and tit. 40. s. 13; 10. this time deacons is not clear. Philostorgius states
tit. 10. s. 20; 11: tit. 39. s. 11; 16. tit. 7. s. 4, 5; that they were deposed by Leontius for their opGothofred. Prosop. Cod. Theod.; Tillemont, Hist. position to him, but does not say from what office.
des Enip. vol. v.) They first introduced the practice of the alternate
7. Proconsul of Asia, A. D. 383, one of the Fla- singing or chanting of the psalms, and the division
viani of Symmachus, and apparently the son of of the choir into parts, which afterwards became
No. 6. Either he or his father was praefect universal in the church.
of the city (Rome) A. D. 399, and was sent by Flavian was ordained priest by Meletius, who
Honorius (A. D. 414) into Africa to hear the cornm- was elected bishop of Antioch, A. D. 361, and held
plaints of the Provincials, and examine how far the see, with three intervals of exile, chiefly occathey were well-founded. Fabricius regards this sioned by his opposition to Arianism, till A. D. 381.
proconsul of Asia as the Flavian of Himerius; but His first expulsion, which was soon after his elecsee Nos. 4 and 5. (Cod. Theod. 12. tit. 6. s. 18; tion, induced Flavian and others to withdraw from
Gothofred and Tillemont, as above.) the communion of the church, over which EuAn inscription in Gruter, clxx. 5, speaks of "Vir zoius, an Arian, had been appointed. The seceders
inlustris Flavianus" as the founder of a secretarium still recognised the deposed prelate; and the church
for the senate, which was destroyed by fire, and formed by them was, during the third and longest
restored in the time of Honorius and Theodosius II. banishment of Meletius, under the care of Flavian
The inscription possibly refers to No. 6, or No. 7. and Diodorus, both now in the priesthood. Fla8. Praefect of the praetorium under Valentinian vian himself did not preach, but he supplied mateIII., A. D. 431 and 432. (Cod. Theod. 10. tit. rials to Diodorus and others who did. On the
1. s. 36; 6. tit. 23. s. 3; Gothofred. Prosop. Cod. death of Valens, A. D. 378, and the consequent
T/zeod.) [J. C. M.] downfal of Arianism, Meletius was restored, and
FLAVIA'NUS, an advocatus fisci in the time the orthodox party recovered possession of the
of Justinian, by whom he was nominated one of churches, the Arians, or the more staunch of them,
the general judges (iKovol rdv'tv ctTTaQrsal), who becoming in turn seceders. But the orthodox were
were appointed in lieu of the special judges, for- divided among themselves; for the older seceders
merly attached by a constitution of Zeno to parti- at the deposition of Eustathius had remained sepa