A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

168 FLAMMA. "VLAMMA.
2. C. FLAMINIUS, a son of No. 1, was quaestor FLAMMA, ANTO'NIUS, was banished at
of P. Scipio Africanus the Elder in Spain, B. c. the beginning of Vespasian's reign, A. D. 71., for
210. Fourteen years later, B. C. 196, he was cu- extortion and cruelty in his government of Cyrene
rule aedile, and distributed among the people a under Nero. (Tac. Hist. iv. 45.) [W. B. D.]
large quantity of'grain at a low price, which was FLAMMA, CALPU'RNIUS, a tribune of the
furnished to him by the Sicilians as a mark of grati- soldiers, who, in the first Punic war, with 300
tude and distinction towards his father and himself. men, extricated a Roman consular army on its
In B. C. 193 he was elected praetor, anrd obtained march to Camarina, in Sicily, from a defile similar
Hispania Citerior as his province. He took a fresh to the Furcae Caudinae. After the legions were
army with him, and was ordered by the senate to rescued, the body of Flamma was found under a
send the veterans back from Spain; he was further heap of dead, and although covered with wounds,
authorised to raise soldiers in Spain, and Valerius none of them were m6rtal, and he survived and
Antias even related that he went to Sicily to enlist served the republic afterwards. The act is often
troops, and that on his way back he was thrown melitioned by Roman writers, but there is great
by a storm on the coast of Africa. Whether this discrepancy as to its author. Cato (ap. Gell. iii. 7)
is true or not cannot be ascertained; but when he calls him Q. Caedicius; Claudius Quadrigarius (zb.)
had properly reinforced himself, he carried on a Laberius or Valerius; but Frontinus (Stratag. iv.
successful war in Spain: he besieged and took the 5.) says most named him Calpurnius Flamma. (Liv.
wealthy and fortified town of Litabrum, and made Epit. xvii, xxii. 60; Plin. H. N. xxii. 6; Oros.
Corribilo, a Spanish chief, his prisoner. In B. C. iv. 8; Florus, ii.'2; Aur. Vict. de Vir. Ill. xxxix.;
185 he obtained the consulship, together with M. Senec. IEpist. 82.) [W. B. D.]
Aemilius Lepidus, in opposition to whom he de- FLAMMA, T. FLAMI'NIUS, a debtor of
fended, at the beginning of the year, M. Fulvius; L. Tullius Montanus, who had become surety for
for the senate assigned the Ligurians as the pro- him to L. Munatius Plancus. The brother-in-law
vince of the two consuls, and Lepidus, dissatisfied, of Montanus had written to Cicero to beg Plancus
wanted to have the province, of which M. Fulvius to grant indulgence or delay (ad Att. xii. 52), and
had had the administration for the last two years. Cicero frequently requests Atticus (xii. 52; xiv.
At last, however, C. Flaminius and Aemilius Lepi- 16, 17; xv. 2) to bring Flamma to a settlement.
dus marched into their province against the Ligu- Writing to his freedman Tiro, Cicero hints at
rians, and Flaminius, after having gained several stronger measures, and desires him to get part of
battles against the Triniates, a Ligurian tribe, re- the debt by the first day of January, B. c. 44.
duced them to submission, and deprived them of Flamnma may have been a freedman of the Flatheir arms. Hereupon he proceeded against the minia gens. [W. B. D.]
Apuani, another Ligurian tribe, who had invaded FLAMMA, L. VOLU'MNIUS, with the agthe territories of Pisa and Bononia. They also nomen VIOLENS, was consul with App. Claudius
were subdued, and peace was thus restored in the Caecus for the first time B. c. 307. He was sent
north of Italy. But to prevent his troops from re- with a consular army against the Sallentines, an
maining idle in their camp, he made them construct Apulian or Japygian people, who dwelt in the heel
a road from Bononia to Arretium, while his col- of Italy, and whom the progress of the Samnite
league made another from Placentia to Ariminum, war had now drawn within the enmity of Rome.
to join the Flaminian road. Strabo (v. p. 217), According to Livy (ix. 42), Flamma was proswho confounds C. Flaminius, the father, with his perous in the field, took several towns by storm,
son, states that the latter made the Flaminian road and made himself very popular with the soldiers
ifrom Rome to Ariminum, and Lepidus from thence by his liberal distribution of the booty. These sucto Bononia and Aquileia. But it is highly impro- cesses are, however, very problematical; since the
bable that the road was continued to Aquileia, be- name of Flamma does not appear in the Fasti
fore this place became a Latin colony, i. e. before Triumphales, and one of the annalists, Piso, omitted
B. C. 181, on which occasion C. Flaminius was one this consulship altogether (Liv. ix. 44). But there
of the triumvirs who conducted the colony thither. is no reason to doubt that Flamma was consul with
(Liv. xxvi. 47, 49, xxxiii. 42, xxxiv. 54, &c., App. Claudius in B. C. 296. It was the most
xxxv. 2, 22, xxxviii. 42, &c., xxxix. 2, 55, xl. 34; critical period of the second Samnite war. Flamma
Oros. iv. 20; Zonar. ix. 21; Val. Max. vi. 6. ~ 3.) was at first stationed on the frontiers of Samnitum,
3. C. FLAMINIUS, was praetor in B C. 66, the but on the appearance of a Samnite army in the
year in which Cicero was invested with the same heart of Etruria, he was ordered to the relief of his
office. Some years before C. Flaminius had been colleague. Claudius at first resented, but on the
curule aedile, and Cicero had defended D. Matri- representation of his principal officers, finally acnius before the tribunal of C. Flaminius. (Cic. cepted the aid of Flamma. There was, however,
pro Cluent. 45, 53.) no harmony between them; and as soon as their
4. C. FLAMINIUS, a man of Arretium, whither joint armies had repelled the enemy, Flamma rehe had probably gone with the colonists whom turned by forced marches into Campania. The
Sulla had established there. He is mentioned as Samnites had plundered the Falernian plain, and
one of the accomplices of Catiline. (Sallust, Cat. were returning with their spoils and captives, when
28 and 36, where in one MS. he bears the cogno- Flamma intercepted them on the banks of the
men Flamma.) [L. S.] Liris, anad rendered their expedition fruitless. For
FLAMMA, prefect of the Caesarian fleet in the relief thus afforded to Rome a thanksgiving
C. Curio's expedition to Africa, B. C. 47. On the was ordered in the name of the consul. Flamma,news of the defeat on the Bagrada (Caes. B. C. ii. presided at the next consular comitia, and at his re42), Flamma fled from the camp at Utica with his commendation the people chose Q. Fabius Maximus
division of the fleet without attempting to aid the Rullianus consul for the ensuing year. Flamma refugitives from Curio's army. (Appian, B. C. ii. tained his own command as proconsul for the samle
46.) [W. B. D ] period, the senate and the people both concurring in