A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

FAUCIUS. -FA UNUS.'137
on account of its style and its subject. (Plii. praetor of Cisalpine Gaul. It appears from the.Epist. v. 5.) [L. S.] letter that the only magistracy in Arpinum was
FA'NNIUS CAE'PIO. [CAEPsIo.] an aedileship, and this fact adds to our acquaintance
FA'NNIUS CHAE'REAS. [CHAEREAS.] with the internal government of Italy under the
FA'NNIUS QUADRA'TUS. [QUADRATUS.] dominion of Rome. Thus, Lavinium had a dicFA'SCELIS, a surname of Diana in Italy, tator (Cic. pro Mil. 10), Tusculumradictator (Liv.
which she was believed'to have received from the iii. 18); Corfinium, Duumviri (Caesar, B. C. i.
circumstance of Orestes having brought her image 23); Neapolis, Cumae, Larinum, Quatuorviri (Cic.
from Tauris in a bundle of sticks (fascis, Serv. ad Att. x. 13, pro Cluent. 8); Sidicinum and Ferenad Aen. ii. 116; Solin. i. 2; Sil. Ital. xiv. 260). tum a quaestor (Gell. x. 3). For the Faucia Curia,Fascelis, however, is probably a corruption, for the see Liv. ix. 38. [W. B. D.]
purpose of making it allude: to the story of Orestes FAVENTI'NUS, CLAU'DIUS, a centurion
bringing her image from Tauris: -the original form dismissed with ignominy by the emperor. -Galba
of the name was probably Facelis or'Facelina from the service, who afterwards, A.D. 69, by ex(fromffax), as the goddess was generally repre- hibiting forged letters, induced the fleet at Misesented With a torch in her hand. - [L. S.] num to revolt from Vitellius to Vespasian.- (Tac.
FA'SCINUS, an early Latin divinity, and Hist. iii. 57.) From his influence with the fleet,
identical with Mutinus or Tutinus. He was wor- Faventinus may have been one of the classiarii
shipped as the protector from sorcery, witchcraft, milites, or legio classicas, whom Nero, A. D. 68,
and evil daemons; and represented in the form of drafted from the seamen, and Galba reduced to
a phallus, the genuine Latin for which isfascinum, their- former station. (Suet. Galb. 12; Plut.
this symbol'being believed to be most efficient in Galb. 15; Tac. Hist. i. 6, 31, 37; Dion Cass.
averting all evil influences. He' was especially lxiv. 3.) [W.. B. D.]
invoked to protect women in childbed and their FAULA or FAUNA was, accordingto some, a
offspring (Plin. Hist. Nat. xxviii. 4, 7); and concubine of Heracles in Italy; while, according
women wrapt up in the toga praetexta'used to to others, she was the wife or sister of Faunus.
offer up sacrifices in the chapel of Fascinus. (Paul. Latinus, who is called- a son of Heracles by a conDiac. p. 103.) His worship was under the care cubine,- was -probably considered to be the son of
of the Vestals and generals, who entered the city Faula; whereas the common tradition describes
in triumph, had the symbol of Fascinus fastened him as a son of Faunus. Faula was identified by
under their chariot, that he might protect them some of the ancients with the Greek Aphrodite.
from envy (medicus invidiae), for envy was be- (Verr. Flacc.'ap. Lactatit.'deFals. Relig. i. 20, Inst.
lieved to exercise an injurious influence -on those Ep. ad Pentad. 20; comp. FAUNus.) [L. S.]
who were envied. (Plin. 1. c.) It was a custom FAUNUS, the son-of:Picus and father of Lawith the Romans, when -they praised any body, tinus, was the.third — in the series of the kings of
to add the word praefiscine or praefiscini, which the Laurentes. In his reign Faunus, like his two
seems to have been an invocation of Fascinus; to predecessors, Picus and Saturn, had promoted agriprevent the praise turning out injurious to the culture and the - breeding of cattle among his-subperson on whom it was bestowed. - [L. S.] jects, and also distinguished himself as a hunter.
FASTI'DIUS, a British bishop placed, as to (Plin. H. N. ix. 6; Propert. iv. 2. 34.) In his reign
time, by Gennadius, between Cyril of Alexandria likewise the Arcadian Evander and Heracles were
and Theodotus of Ancyra. One tract by this au- believed to have arrived in Latium. (Plut. Parall.
thor,'entitled De VYia Claristiana, is still extant, but Gr. et Rom. 38.) -Faunus acts a very- prominent
was long ascribed to St. Augustin, or to some un- part in the mythical history of Latium, for, indeknown writer, until restored to its lawful owner pendent of: what he did for agriculture, he was reby I-lolstenius, who published an edition at Rome garded as one of the great founders of the religion
in 1663, from an ancient MS.;in the monastery of of the country; hence Lactantius (i. 24, ~ 9) places
Monte Casino. It will be found in ithe Bibiothleca him on an equality with Numa. He was there|Patrums of Galland (vol. ix. p. 481) and a disc forein later times worshipped in two distinct capacussion upon Fastidius himself in the Prolegomnena cities: first, as the god of fields and shepherds,
(p. xxix.). Gennadius ascribes to him: another and secondly, as an oracular and prophetic divinity.
work, De Viduitate Servanda, which, however, The festival of the Faunalia, which was celebrated
was perhaps incorporated in the piece mentioned on the 5th of December, by the -country people,
above, which contains a chapter De Triplici Vidui- with great feasting and merriment;:had'-reference
tale...' [NV.' R.] to him as the god'of agriculture and cattle. (Horat.
M. FAU'CIUS, a native of Arpinum, of Carme. iii. 18.) As a prophetic god, he was believed
equestrian rank, at Rome. His life would be un- to reveal the future to man, partly in dieams, and
deserving record but for its connection with-a letter partly -by voices of unknown origin. (Virg. Aen.
of Cicero's (Fam. xiii. I ), which. incidentally vii.. 81, &c.; Cic. de Nat. Deor. ii. 2, iii. 6, de
throws light upon the local government and cir- Divin. i. 45.) What he was in this respect to the
cumstances of the municipium of Arpinum, the male sex, his wife Fauna or Faula was to the'birthplace of Marius and Cicero. The Arpinatian female, whence they bore the surnames Fatuus,
community possessed estates in Cisalpine Gaul, the Fatua, or Fatuellus, Faltzella, derived from fari,
rents of which were their only fund for the repair faturn. (Justin, xliii. 1; Lactant. i. 22.) They
of their temples and the cost of their sacrifices and are said to have given their oracles in Saturnian
festivals. Faucius was one of three commissioners verse, whence we may perhaps infer that there exsent'to recover the dues of his municipium, isted in Latium collections of oracles in this metre.
which the date of the letter, B. C. 46, renders it (Varro, de L. L. vii. 36.) The places where'not improbable that the civil wars had caused to such oracles were given were sacred groves, one
be withheld. Cicero recommends Faucius and near Tibur, around the well Albunea, and another
the other commissioners to M.'Brutus, Who was on the Aventine,-near Rome. (Virg. 1. c.; Ov.