A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

124 EUTHYDEMUS. EUTHYMIUS.
and is further inconsistent with the language of Ariana, p. 221.) Silver coins of this prince, of
Thucydides, who represents the Syracusans as act- Greek style of workmanship and bearing Greek
ing on the offensive, and shews in Nicias's letter inscriptions, have been found in considerable num.
that they had it in their power to force an engage- bers at Bokhara, Balkh, and other places within
ment. Of his ultimate fate we are ignorant: his the limits of Bactria, thus attesting. the extent to
name (it is probably his) occurs as far back as the which Greek civilization had been introduced into
eighteenth year of the war, B. C. 422, among the those remote regions. (Ibid. p. 222.) [E. H. B.]
signatures to the Lacedaemonan treaties. (Thuc.
v. 19,-24, vii. 16, 69; Diod. xiii. 13; Plut. Nicias, c. 20.) [A. H. C.]
EUTHYDE'MUS (EdvJAr0ios), 1. A sophist,
was born at Chios, and migrated with his brother /
Dionysodorus to Thurii in Italy. Being exiled )
thence, they came to Athens, where they resided
nany years. The pretensions of Euthydemus and i J
his brother are exposed by Plato in the dialogue
which bears the name of the former. A sophism
of Euthydemus, as illustrating the " fallacy of
composition," is mentioned by Aristotle. (Plat. COIN OF EUTHYDEMUS.
Euuthydemus, Cratyl. p. 386; Arist. Rhet. ii. 24,.~ 3, Soph. El. 20; Ath. xi. p. 506, b; Sext. Emp. EUTHY'MANES, or more correctly EUTHY'adv. Math. vii. 13.) MENES (Eiiupyev7lr), of Massilia, is referred to
2. Son of Cephblus of Syracuse, and brother to several'times as the author of a geographical work,
Lysias the orator. (Plat. Rep. i. p. 328; see vol. i. the real nature of which, however, is unknown.
p. 668, a.) (Plut. de Plac. Philos. 4 Athen. ii. c. 90; Lydus
3. Son of Diocles, and a disciple. of Socrates, de Mens. 68; Artemid. Epit. p. 63.) Clemens of
whom Xenophon represents as rebuking him, after Alexandria (Strom. i. p. 141) mentions an Euthy-'his peculiar fashion, for imagining himself to know menes as the author of XpovPKd, but whether they
more than he did. (Plat. Conv. p. 222; Xen. Mem. are the same or different persons, cannot be deteri. 2. ~ 29, iv. 2.) mined... [L. S.]
4. A man of Sicyon, who made himself tyrant EUTHYME'DES, a Greek painter of some
of the city, together with Timocleidas.. On their note, whose time is unknown. (Plin. xxxv. 11.
deposition, according to Pausanias, the supreme s. 40. ~ 42.) [P. S.],power was committed to Cleinias, the father of EUTHY'MIDAS, a leading man at Chalcis in
Aratus. [CLEINIAS, NO. 5.] Euboea, was driven out of his native city by the
5. A writer on cookery, referred to by Athe- Roman party, and made an unsuccessful attempt
naeus, who quotes certain verses of his on salted in B.c. 192 to bring it under the power of the
fish,'set forth by him in joke as a genuine frag- Aetolians. (Liv. xxxv. 37, 38.)
ment of Hesiod. (Athen. iii. p. 116, a. xii. p. 516, EUTHY'MIDES, a vase-painter, whose name
c.) [E. E.] occurs frequently on vessels found at Adria on the
EUTHYDE'MUS (EvJ0u'GV7or), king of Bac- Po, and at Volci. (Miller, Arch. d. Kunst, ~ 257,
tria, was a native of Magnesia. (Polyb. xi. 34.) n. 7.) [P. S.].
WVe know nothing of the circumstances attending EUTHY'MIUS ZIGABE'NUS, aGreek monk
his elevation to the sovereignty of Bactria, but he of the convent of the Virgin Maryv at Constantinoseems to have taken advantage of dissensions among ple, lived about the beginning of the 12th century
the-descendants of those who had first established of our era, at the time of the emperor Alexius
the independence of that country, and to have wrest- Comnenus, with whom he was connected by intied the sovereign power either from Diodotus II. or mate friendship. In A. D. 1118, when the emperor
some of his family. He then extended his power died, Euthymius was still alive; and he himself
over'the neighbouring provinces, so as to become says that he twice heard the emperor dispute
the founder of the greatness of the Bactrian mon- against the enemies of the Greek church-that is,
archy, though not the actual founder of the king- probably against the Latins. Respecting his life,
*dom, as has been erroneously inferred from a see especially Anna Comnena (lib. xv.) and L.
passage in Strabo. (Strab. xi. p. 515; Polyb. xi. Allatius. (De Consens. utr. Eccles. ii. 10. 5.) Eu_34; Wilson's Ariana, p. 220.) Antiochus the thymius was the author of several works, all of
Great, after his expedition against Parthia in B. C. which are still extant in numerous MSS., bat the
212, proceeded to invade the- territories of the following only have been printed: 1. IIavoirAca
* Bactrian king. Euthydemus met him on the banks ooy1uaszucs' Tms ipOo5o'ov,ri'reEws, directed against
of the Arius, but was defeated and compelled to heretics of every class, was written by the command
fall back upon Zariaspa, the capital of Bactria. of Alexius Comnenus. It is divided into 28 titles,
(Polyb. x. 49.) From'hence he entered into nego- and its substance is taken chiefly from the early'tiations with Antiochus, who appears to have ecclesiastical fathers. A Latin translation of it
despaired of effecting his subjugation by force, as was published by P. F. Zinus, Venice, 1555, fol.,
he was readily induced to come to terms, by repsinted at Lyons, 1556, 8vo., and at Paris, 1560,
which he confirmed Euthydemus in the regal 8vo. The Greek original. has not yet been pubdignity, and gave one of his own daughters in lished, except the last title, which is contained in
marriage to his son Demetrius. In return for this, Sylburg's Saracenica, pp. 1-54. 2. Victory and
Euthydemus lent him his support in his Indian Triumph over the impious, manifold, and execrable
expedition. (Polyb. xi. 34.) The commencement sect of the Messaliani, &c., together with fourteen.of the reign of Euthydemus may be referred with anathemata pronounced against them. It was
much probability to about B. c. 220. (WVilson's edited in Greek, with a Latin version and notes,