A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

11 8 ]-EUSEBIUS...EUSEBITUS.
on some military expeditions. He died at Antioch, He declined, however, to sign the anathema
about A. D. 360. His enemies accused him of which the council issued against Arius, though not,
Sabellianism, but the truth of the charge is denied as he says in the petition which he afterwards
by Sozomen (iii. 5). He wrote several books enu- presented to the bishops, "because he differed from
merated by Jerome (de Script. 90), e. g. a treatise the doctrine as settled at Nicaea, but because he
against the Jews, Homilies, &c. Some homilies doubted whether Arius really held what the anatheon the Gospels, and about fifty on other subjects, ma imputed to him." (Sozom.ii. 15.) But very soon
are extant under his name; but they are probably after the council had broken up, Eusebius shewed
spurious, and of more recent date. They were a desire to revive the controversy, for which he
published at Paris, 1575, and at Antwerp, 1602. was deprived of his see and banished into Gaul.
Some of the homilies ascribed to Eusebius of Caesa- On this occasion Constantine addressed a letter to
reia, are attributed to this Eusebius. [G. E. L.C.] the people of Nicomedeia, censuring their exiled
EUSE'BIUS, MAGISTER SCRINIORUM, one of bishop in the strongest manner, as disaffected to
the commission of Nine appointed by Theodosius in' his government, as the principal supporter of heresy,
A. D. 429 to compile a code upon a plan which was and a man wholly regardless of truith. (Theodor.
afterwards abandoned for another. rDIODoRus, Hist. Eccl. i. 20.) But he did not long remain under
vol. i. p. 1018.] [J. T. G.] the imperial displeasure. Constantia, the emperor's
EUSE'BIUS, a MONK of Nitria, a town of sister, was under the influence of an Arian presEgypt, to the west of the Canopic branch of the byter, and was thereby induced to plead in favour
Nile, was one of the "four tall brothers'? banished of that party with her brother, and one result of
by Theophilus, bishop of Alexandria, for defending her interference was the restoration of Eusebius to
the opinions of Origen, at the beginning of the fifth his see; and he soon so completely regained Concentury, A. D. The three others were Dioscurus, stantine's favour, as to be selected to administer
Ammonius, and Euthymius. They fled to Con- baptism to him in his last illness. His Arian feelstantinople, where they were kindly received by ingshowever broke oiut again. He procured the deChrysostom, and have obtained a place in ecclesi- privation of Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, and, if
astical history, from the fact that his protecting we may believe Theodoret (i. 21), by suborning
them was made a pretext for his deposition. There a woman to bring against him a false accusation of
seems no doubt that they were men of real piety. the most infamous kind. He was an active op(Sozomen. vi. 30; Neander, Kirchengesch. vol. ii. p. ponent of Athanasius, and exerted himself to pro1436.) [CHRYSOSTOM; EPIPHANIUS.] [G. E. L.C.] ure the restoration of Arius to the full privileges
EUSE'BIUS, of MYNDUS in Caria, a distin- of churchmanship, menacing Alexander, bishop of
guished New Platonist and contemporary of Euna- Constantinople, with deposition unless he at once
pius, who mentions him (p. 48, ed. Boissonade), admitted him to the holy communion, in which he
and ranks him in what is called the golden chain would have succeeded but for the sidden death of
of New Platonists. Stobaeus, in his Sermones, has Arius. Soon after this Alexander died, and Eupreserved a considerable number of ethical frag- sebius managed to procure his own election to the
ments from the work of one Eusebius, whom some vacant see, in defiance of a canon against translaconsider to be the same as the New Platonist, tions agreed to at Nicaea. He died about A. D.
whereas others are inclined to attribute them to a 342.
Stoic of that name. (Wyttenbach, ad Eunap. p. Though Eusebius lies under the disadvantage of
171.) [L. S.] having his character handed down to posterity
EUSE'BIUS, of NICOMEDEIA, the friend and almost entirely by the description of theological
protector of Arius, was maternally connected, enemies, yet it is difficult to imagine that he was
though distantly, with the emperor Julian, and in any way deserving of esteem. His signature to
born about A. D. 324. He was first bishop of the Nicene creed was a gross evasion, nor can he
Berytus (Beyrout) in Syria, and then of Nicome- be considered to have signed it merely as an article
deia, which Diocletian had made his residence, so of peace, since he was ever afterwards a zealous opthat it was in fact the capital of the Eastern em- ponent of its principles. It can scarcely be doubted
pire till Constantine fixed his court at Byzantium. that he was worldly and ambitious, and if TheoHe first comes under the notice of history by doret's story above referred to be true, it would be
taking the part of Arius after his excommunication horrible to think that a Christian bishop should
by Alexander, bishop of Alexandria. [ARfus.] have been guilty of such gross wickedness. At
He wrote a defence of the* heretic to Paulinus, the same time, considering the entire absence of
bishop of Tyre, and the letter is preserved in the critical element in the historians of that age,
Theodoret (i. 6). Ensebius states in it his belief the violent bitterness of their feelings on subjects
that there is one Being Unbegotten and one Be- of theological controversy, and the fact that Theogotten by Him, but not from his substance, having doret wrote many years after Eusebius's death,
no share in the nature or essence of the Unbe- we shall be slow to believe in such an accusation,
gotten, but yet 7rpdos reAelav dOldr0JT7-Ta LOeaofcaE s which rests only on the authority of the most veTer ial avvadePs 70ro rIe7r0LO7Tos 7yevOIuvov. hement of the church historians of the time, while
So warmly did Eusebius take part with Arius, Socrates, the most moderate and least credulous,
that the Arians were sometimes called Eusebians; merely says (i. 18), that Eustathius was deposed
and at the Nicene council he exerted himself nominally for Sabellianism, " though some assign
vigorously against the application of the term other causes;" and Sozomen (ii. 18) tells us, that
ouoouv'aos to the Son. But his opposition was un- some accused Eustathius of leading an irregular life,
successful, the Homoousians triumphed, and Eu- but does not hint that this charge rested on a wicked
sebius joined his namesake of Caesareia in affixing contrivance of Eusebius. Athanasius himself
his signature to the Creed, though he took the gives another cause for the deposition of Eustaword in a sense which reduces it mierely to b'botoS thins-that Eusebius had accused him of slanderIKT' oioiavp..ing Helena, the mother of Constantine. (Atllhan,