A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

129l NYPSIUS. NYX.
which he lived is unknown, but he was tihe author within the citadel. (Diod. xvi. 18 —20; Plut.
of a work entitled NO'/Ua'AOtas, that is, the Laws Dion. 41-46.) [E. H. B.]
or Customs of Asia, of which the third book is NYSA (Ndva), a daughter of Aristaeus, who
mentioned by Clemens- of Alexandria (Strom. i. p. was believed to have brought up the infant god
139; comp. Protlept. 19), who quotes from it a Dionysus, and from whom one of the many towns
passage concerning some Egyptian customs. In the of the name of Nysa was believed to have derived
second of the passages here cited Clemens calls the its name. (Diod. iii. 69.) [L. S.]
work NodLtAa I3apCapicdd, but there can be no doubt NYSA or NYSSA (N6ba or NWo-ea). 1.
that it was the same production as the Nc(/uua Queen of Bithynia, wife of Nicomedes II., and'Aaiag. Sometimes it is referred to under the brief mother of Nicomedes III. (Memnon, c. 30.)
title of Ndotot. (Schol. ad Apollon. RBtod. ii. 1010, She is generally considered to have been originally
1031, iii. 202, iv. 1470.) The Scholiast on So- a dancer, because Nicomedes III. is termed, by
phocles (Oed. Col. 337) quotes the thirteenth book his rival Mithridates, " saltatricisfilius" (Justin.
of this work; but the whole is lost, and only a xxxviii. 5); but it is more probable that the latter
very few fragments have been transmitted to us. by such an expression meant to stigmatise Nico2. Of Syracuse, likewise an historian, seems to medes as illegitimate, though he was in reality the
have lived about the time of Philip and Alexander son of Nysa.
the Great of Macedonia. He was the author of a 2. Wife of Nicomedes III. Mithridates prework entitled'Aaias nIplrXeol,,s (Athen. vi. p. 265, tended that she was the mother of the impostor,
vii. p. 321, xiii. p. 609), and of a second entitled whom he set up as a claimant to the throne of
Nepl vTcvv s'v YLcXit aava'osseemov (Athen. i. p. 19, Bithynia B. c. 74. (Aithr. Ep. ad Arsac. cop.
xiii. p. 588), which is sometimes simply referred to Sall. flist. iv. p. 239, ed. Gerlach.)
by the title flepl:Z:ExAas. (Athen. viii. p. 331, x. 3. A daughter of Nicomedes III., whose cause
p. 452; Schol. ad Tlkeocrit. i. 69, v. 15, ad ornm. was defended by J. Caesar, in gratitude for her
Od. b1. 301, where, instead of MEtlbr1cofpos, we father's friendship. (Suet. Caes. 49.)
should read Nvuxqoscppos; comp. Aelian, H. A. 4. A sister of Mithridates the Great, who was
xi. 20.) Aelian (H. A. xvi. 34) quotes a state- taken prisoner by Lucullus at Cabeira, which
ment from Nymphodorus relating to the use the saved her from sharing the fate of the other sisters
Sardinians made of goat-skins, and from which it and wives of the king, who were put to death
might be inferred that he also wrote on Sardinia, but shortly after at Pharnacia. (Plut. Lucull. 18.)
this may have been a mere digression introduced 5. A daughter of Mithridates the Great, who
into his work on Sicily. (Plin. Elench. libb. iii. v. had been betrothed to the king of Cyprus, but
vii. xxxiii. xxxiv. xxxv.; Tertull. De An. 57; accompanied her father in his flight to the kingSteph. Byz. s. v.'AOBpas; Ilarpocrat., Hesych. s.. doln of Bosporus, where she ultimately shared his
aiy/ias; comp. Ebert, Dissert. Sicnul. pp. 155- fate, and put an end to her life bypoison, B. c. 63.
222.) [L. S.] (Appian, IMit/sr. 111.) [E. H. B.]
NYMPHODO'RUS (Nv(p03oowpos), a Greek NYSAEUS, NY'SIUS, NYSEUS, or NYSIIphysician, who must have lived in or before the GENA (Nvo-i'Yos), a surname of Dionysus, derived
third century B. c., as he is mentioned by Hera- from Nysa, a mountain or city, either in Thrace,
cleides of Tarentum (ap. Galen, Coimient. inHioppocr. Arabia, or India, where he was said to have been
"D De Arti/c." iv. 40, vol. xviii. pt. i. p. 736). He brought up by nymphs. According to some, it was
was celebrated for the invention of a machine for derived from Nisus, who is said to have been his
the reduction of dislocations, called'yXwco0'tcojfov, father, or at least to have educated him. (Hom.
which was afterwards somewhat modified by Aris- II. vi. 133, Hymn. xxv. 5; Apolloii. Rhod. ii.
tion, and of which a description is given by Ori- 905, iv. 431; Diod. i. 15, iii. 68; Cic. de NAat.
basius (de rctachinam. c. 24, p. 179, &c.). He is Deor. iii. 23; Virg. Aen. vi. 806; Ov. Mlet. iv.
mentioned by Celsus along with several other 13.) [L. S.]
elminent surgeons (viii. 20, p. 185), and is perhaps NYSAEUS (Nvaaeos), son of the elder Dionythe person quoted by Pliny, in the passages re- sins, tyrant of Syracuse, by his wife Aristomache,
ferred to in the preceding article. the daughter of Hipparinus. (Diod. xvi. 6.) We
Fabricius (Bibl. GCr. xiii. p. 351, 352, ed. vet.) and know nothing of the steps by which he rose to the
Haller (Bibl. Chirtrg. and Bill. Mled. Pract.) sup- supreme power at Syracuse; but it seems probable
pose him to be the same person as Nymphodotus that he succeeded his brother Hipparinls in the
(N,,LtrpoS'0os), whose medical formulae are quoted sovereignty, which he held until B. c. 346, when
by Aiidromachus (ap. Galen, de Compos. Mledicarn. he was expelled by his half-brother, the younger
sec. Gen. vi. 14, vol. xiii. p. 926), Aitius (iii. 1. Dionysius. (Plut. Tinzol. 1.) He was chiefly
~~ 45, 49, pp. 500, 504, 505, 506), and Paulus remarkable for his love of drinkiilg and his imnAegineta (vii. 12, p. 665), and who must have moderate addiction to gross sensual indulgences.
lived in or before the first century after Christ; (Theopo. ap. a I. Athen. x. pp. 435, 436; Aelian,
but this is quite uncertain. [\V. A. G.] V. H. ii. 4.1.) [E. H. B.]
NYMPHO'DOTUS. [NYmPHoDo Rus.] NYSEIDES or NYSIADES (Noevai), the
NY'PSIUS (Ni4/os), a native of Neapolis, and nymphs of Nysa, who are said to have reared
a brave and skilful officer, who was sent by the Dionysus, and whose names are Cisseis, Nysa,
younger Dionysius to the relief of the citadel at Erato, Eriphia, Bromia, and Polyhymno. (Hygin.
Syracuse, which was besieged by the Syracusans Feb. 182, Poet. Astr. ii. 21; Apollod. iii. 4. ~ 3
under Dion. He arrived just in time to prevent Ov. lMet. iii. 314,'Fcast. iii. 769; Orph. hlymn.
the garrison from surrendering the citadel, and, by 50. 14; Schol. ad Hoies. I1. xviii. 486(.) [L. S.]
a sudden sally in the night, defeated the Syra- NXYX (Nvts), Nox or Night personified. Homer
cusans with great slaughter; but the next day, (11. xiv. 259, &c.) calls her the subduer of gods
Dion having returned to the city, Nypsius was and men, and relates that Zeus himself stood in
defeated in his turn, and once more shut up awe of her. In the ancient c,)Omogonies Night is