A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1192 NICOLAUS. NICOLAUS.
tures. (A,nth. Gruec. vol. iii. p. 91, vol. xiii. p. 923, 8. HYDRUNT1TJS, lived at the beginning of the
ed. Jacobs.) [W. M. G.] thirteenth century, in the reign of Alexius IV.
NICODO'RUS (NKcdowpos), a native of Man- Comnenus, and -was distinguished by his opposition
tineia, who, with the advice of Diagoras the Melian, to the Latin church, against which he published
acted as lawgiver in his native city. (Aelian, several works, of which an account is given by
V.1H. ii. 23.) [C. P.M.] Cave (ad ann. 1201) and Fabricius (Bibl. Graec.
NICOLA'US (NLKtAaoy, NaKoXhews), historical. vol. xi. p. 287).
1. Father of BULIS, the Spartan. (Herod. vii. 134.) 9. Of METHONE in the Peloponnesus, of which
2. Son of Bulis, was associated with Aneristus place he was archbishop, lived probably in the
in his embassy to Persia, in B. c. 430, and, toge- twelfth century, and also wrote many works
ther with him, was put to death by the Athenians. against the Latin church, for an account of which
[ANERISTUS.] we must again refer to Fabricius (vol. xi. p. 290)
3. A Syracusan, who lost two sons in the war and the authorities which he cites. Nicolaus
with Athens, but at its conclusion, in B. c. 413, of Methone also deserves to be mentioned as one
endeavoured to persuade his countrymen to spare of the opponents of the Neo-Platonic philosophers.
the Athenian prisoners. (Diod. xiii. 19-27.) He published a work in reply to the'oLxswoes'sl
4. An Aetolian, and a general of Ptolemy IV. SeoXAoylKi of Proclus: this work of Nicolaus was
(Philopator). In B. C. 219 we find him besieging published for the first time by J. Th.Voemel, under
Ptolemais, which was held by the traitor Theodotus, the title of lVicolai Methonensis Refutatio Institutionis
who had revolted from Ptolemy to Antiochus the Theologicae Procli Platonici, Francf. 1825.
Great. Nicolaus, however, abandoned the siege 10. Of MYRAE. [See No. 17.]
on the approach of the Syrian king [LAGORAS]. 11. MIYREPSUS. [See below, No. 3.]
In the same year he did much towards baffling the 12. PEPAGOMENUS. [PEPAGOMENUS.]
attempt of Antiochus on Dura or Dora in Phoe- 13. PRAEPOSITUS. [See below, No. 4.]
nicia, by sending constant succours to the besieged. 14. RHABDA. [See No. 1, and RHABDA.]
In B. C. 218 he was invested by Ptolemy with the 15. SECUNDINUS. [SECUNDINUS.]
supreme command in Coele-Syria, an appointment 16. Of SMYRNA. [See No. 1.]
fully warranted, according to Polybius, by his 17. The SOPHIST, lived under Leo I., and down
military experience and bravery. He was, how- to the reign of Anastasius, consequently in the
ever, dislodged by Antiochus and his generals latter half of the fifth century, was a pupil of Profrom a strong position which he had taken up be- clus. Suidas (s. v. NuK.) mentions two works of his,
tween the range of Mount Libanus and the sea IIpoyuvd'o/uAaTa and MesraL rp7TOptcal. Part of
near the town of Porphyreon, and was obliged to the rIpoyv,uvacorai'a had been previously published
seek safety in a precipitate flight towards Sidon. as the work of Libanius, but has more recently apIt may be conjectured that' after this he deserted peared as the work of Nicolaus, in Walz's Rietor.
to Antiochus: at least, we find the name of Nico- Graec. vol. i. pp. 266-420. Suidas (s. v.) men.
laus of Aetolia mentioned among the generals of tions another sophist, a native of Myrae in Cilicia,
the Syrian king in his campaign in Hyrcania, B. C. and a pupil of Lachares, who taught at Constan209. (Polyb. v. 61, 66, 68, 69, x. 29.) [E. E.] tinople, and was the author of a Te'XYr P7?1OpLKJ
NICOLA'US (NLKo'aos), literary. Nicolaus and MeAh'TaL. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. p. 134
is the name of a great many writers and eccle- Westermann, Geschicltte der Griech. Beredtsankeit,
siastics in the times of the Byzantine empire, but ~ 104, n. 10.)
only the most important of them are mentioned NICOLA'US (Nt(o'Aaor), the name of several
below. A full list of them is given in Fabricius physicians, who are. often confounded, and whom it
(Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 286). does not seem possible to distinguish with certainty.
1. ARTABASDA ('ApTaCdeoS ls), of Smyrna, of 1. The person quoted by Galen (De CGompos.
uncertain but late age, is called in a Vatican ma- Medicanz. sec. Gen. v. 11, vol. xiii. p. 831) must
nuscript'AprafCdas3s, dptOrLssqK's tIal'yeeooEplPs have lived in or before the second century after
a'Pa~3bi. He was the author of a-work on the Christ. He may, perhaps, be the physician, of
art of counting with the fingers ('Emcppals'roi whose medical formulae one is quoted by Paulus
baa~cTVAtKou0 viE'pov), which has been published by Aegineta (iv. 37, vii. 17. pp. 520, 678) and NicoF. Morel, Paris, 1614; Possin. Caiena -Grae. laus Myrepsus (x. 143, p.579). A pharmaceutical
Pat/rum in Marcurnm, p. 449, Rome, 1673; J. A. author of the same name is said by Fabricius
Fabric. Obserr. in varia Loca Novi Testame. p. 159, (Bibl. Gr. vol. xiii. pp. 5, 346, ed. vet.) to be quoted
Hamb. 1712; and J. G. Schneider, Eclogaephysicae, by Agtius, but the writer has not been able to find
p. 477. (Scholl, Geschichte der Griechischen Lit- the name in the place referred to (x. 27).
teratur, vol. iii. pp. 345 —347.) 2. A native of Laodiceia, who lived, according
2. CABASILAS. [CABASILAS.] to Abfi-l-Faraj (Hist. Dynast. p. 88), in the latter
3. CHALCOCONDYLES. [CHALCOCONDYLES.] half of the fourth century after Christ. He wrote
4. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, of which he was pa- a work " De Summa Philosophiae Aristotelicae,"
triarch from A. D. 1084 to 11 11, wrote several which was translated into Syriac by Honain Ibn
decrees and letters, of which an account is given by Ishak; another " De Plantis," which is quoted
Cave. (Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. ii. p. 156, ed. Basil.; by'Abd6f-l-Latif (Histor. Aegypti Colpend. pp. 19,
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 285.) 27); and a third, "Liber Responsionis ad illos
5. DAMASCENUS. [DAMASCENUS] qui Reinm unam esse statuunt Intellectum et Intel6. EUBOIcus. [SECUNDINUS.] ligibilia." To these Wenrich (De Auctor. Graecor.
7. HAGIOTHrEODORETUS, was archbishop of Version. et Comment. Syriac. Arab. Ar men. et Pers,
Athens in the twelfth century, in:the reign of Lips. 1842, p. 294) adds two others, viz. " ConmManuel Comnenus. He is known as a jurist, who pendium Philosophiae Aristoteleae," and "Aris
wrote a commentary upon the Basilica. (Fabric. totelis Historia Animalium in Compendium reBibl. Graem. vol. xi. p. 633.) dacta." (See also De Sacy's Note on Abdu l-Lathif