A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

11 70 NESTORIUS. NEST&ORIUS.
alnd he was also seen in the painting of Polygnotus set himself to gain popularity, and succeeded: hisin the Lesche at Delphi. (Paus. iv. 31. ~ 9, x. fluency as a preacher attracted admiration; and his
25, in fin.; Philostr. fler. 2.) [L. S.] staid deportment, sober garb, and studious habits
NESTOR (N4'ewp). 1. Of Laranda in Lycia excited reverence. So great and general was the
according to Suidas, in Lycaonia according to respect entertained for him, that when he was
Strabo and Stephanus Byzantinus. He lived in the appointed patriarch of Constantinople, the appointreign of the emperor Severus, between A. D. 194 ment was hailed with general approval. He was
and 211. He is meitioned by Suidas (s. v.) as an consecrated 10th April 428, according to the auepic poet. We infer from Stephanus Byzantinus thority of Socrates. Liberatus places his conse(s. V. v.'TrdraaL) that he wrote a poem called cration on the 1st of April (Breviar. cap. 4) which'AhecavSpeas, "'On the deeds of Alexander," to Le Quien (Oriens Christian., vol. i. col. 215)
which Suidas probably refers. Suidas also men- observes to be more consistent with the usage of
tions that he was the father of the poet Peisander. the Constantinopolitan Church, as it coincided that
Tryphiodorus, as we learn from Eustathius in the year with Sunday, on which day the patriarchs
prooemium to the Odyssey, wrote an Odyssey were usually consecrated. Theophanes places the
Aet7ro'ypdriuarov, wanting the letter a throughout. appointment of Nestorius in A. M. 5923, Alex. era,
Similarly, Nestor, we learn from Suidas, wrote the which corresponds with A. D. 430 or 431; but his
Iliad, omitting in each book the letter indicating chronology is by no means accurate in this part of
its number, as in the first book, the letter a, in the his work. Nestorius was consecrated rather more
second, the letter /3, and so on with the rest. He than three months after the death of his predecessor
wrote also a poem entitled MeTraLopPcsd'es. Four Sisinnius.
fragments of his writings are inserted in the Antho- He gave immediately on his appointment an
logia Graeca (vol. iii. p. 54, ed. Jacobs). The fourth indication of the violent and intolerant course
of these epigrams has point, and rebukes men for at- which he afterwards pursued. He thus publicly
tempting poetry who are unskilled in the art. The addressed the emperor Theodosius the Younger
last line has passed into the proverb of Erasmus, (Socrat... vii. vii. 29): " Purge the earth, sire, of
Equitandi peritus ne canas. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. heretics for me, and I will in return bestow heaven
vol. i. pp. 134, 517, iii. p. 46, iv. p. 483; Jacobs, on you. Join me in putting away the heretics,
Anth. Gramec. vol. iii. p. 54, vol. xiii. p. 921; Suid. and I will join you in putting away the Persians."
Steph. II. cc.) The bigotry of some was pleased with the declara2. A stoical philosopher of Tarsus. (Strab. xiv. tion, but wiser auditors listened with sorrow to the
p. 674.) proof which it gave of his violent and boastful
3. An academic philosopher, preceptor of Mar- temper. His deeds were answerable to his words.
cellus, son of Octavia. Marcellus died B. C. 23. The Arians had a house of prayer, in which they
(Strab. lib. xiv. p. 675; Clinton, F. H. vol. iii. privately met for worship: on the fifth day from
pp. 237, 548.) [W. M. G.} his ordination he attempted to destroy it; but its
NESTO'RIDES (NEropL3ls0), a patronymic persecuted occupants chose rather to set it on fire
employed to designate Antilochus, the son of Nestor themselves; and when the spreading conflagration
(Hom. II. vi. 33, xv. 589, xxiii. 353), and Peisis- had excited a tumult, they prepared, says Socrates
tratus, also the son of Nestor (Od. iii. 36, 482, (ibid.), but without stating in what way, to re&c.). [L. S.] venge the injury. The Novatians [NovATIANUS]
NESTO'RIUS, a celebrated Haeresiarch of the and the Quartadecimans of Asia were also persecuted
fifth century, was born, according to Socrates by him; the former, according to Socrates (ibid.),
(lri. E. vii. 29), and Theodoret (Haeret. Fabul. from his envy of the reputation of Paulus their
Coonpend. iv. 12), at Germanicia, a city in the bishop; the latter, so far as appears, from mere innorthern extremity of Syria, amid the offshoots of tolerance. These persecutions led to tumults both
the Taurus. Marcellinus (Clironicon) speaks of at Miletus and Sardis, in which many persons lost
him as a native of Antioch, and Cassian is under- their lives. The followers of Macedonius, too,
stood by some to say (De Incarnat. vi. 3) that [MAcEDnoNIuS, No. 3], were goaded by persecution
he was baptized at Antioch; but the passage in into outrage, and this was made the occasion ot
Cassian is obscure, and the statement of Socrates further oppression.
is preferable to that of Marcellinus. He was ap- But while he was thus persecuting others, he was
parently of humble birth. Cyril (Homil. iv. de raising up enemies against himself by enunciating
Divers. p. 357; Opera, vol. v. pt.ii. ed. Paris, 1638), doctrines at variance, at least in appearance, with
speaks of him as being " lifted out of the dunghill," the orthodox views and tendencies of the age. He
a reference apparently to Ps. cxiii. 7, and raised had brought with him from Antioch Anastasius,
to the height of heaven: language which could be also a presbyter of that cityv, and in his adminisapplied only to one of obscure origin, even by so tration of the patriarchate made him his confiunscrupulous a person as Cyril. Theodoret (ibid.), dential adviser. Theophanes calls him his Synwho was disposed to the opinions of Nestorius, and cellus, or personal attendant. Both Nestorius and
who cannot be suspected of any personal ill-will to Anastasius appear to have imbibed the disposition
him, states that he could not discover either the prevalent at Antioch, to distinguish carefully beplace of his education or the extent of his acquire- tween the divine and human natures attributed to
ments; and the silence of Socrates as to his pos. Christ, a disposition promoted by-the reaction ocsessing any other qualifications for the patriarchate, casioned by the opposite opinion of the Apollinathan a good voice and a fluent utterance (epwsuvos rists. [APOLIINARIS, No. 2]. With these ten4 cxAhhws ica evhaxeos), indicates that his early dencies Nestorius of course disapproved of the
education was as defective as his birth was obscure. practice of some persons at Constantinople who
After various changes of residence, he fixed his called the Virgin Mary O)eovicor, " Mother of
abode at Antioch, and having received here sole God." Against the expression Anastasius objected
instruction, was ordained presbyter. He at once in a public discourse, which, according to Thee