A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MYRON. MYRONIDES. 1131
found in Hadrian's Villa, in 1793, is in the Va- A Hercules, which Verres took from Heius the
tican Museum; a fourth, restored as a gladiator, is Mamertine. (Cic. Verr. iv. 3.) A bronze Apollo,
in the Capitoline Museum. To these may, in all with the name of the artist worked into the thigh;
probability, be added (5) a torso, restored as one in minute silver letters, dedicated in the shrine of
of the sons of Niobe, in the gallery at Florence; Aesculapius at Agrigentum by P. Scipio, and taken
(6) the torso of an Endymion in the same gallery; away by Verres. (Cic. yerr. iv. 43.) A wooden
(7) a figure restored as a Diomed, and (8) a bronze statue of Hecate, in Aegina. (Paus. ii. 20. ~ 2.)
in the gallery at Munich. (Miiller, in the Amal- Several statuesofathletes. (SeeSillig, s.v.) Lastly,
thea, vol. iii. p. 243.) The original statue is men- a striking indication how far Myron's love of variety
tioned by Quinctilian and Lucian. The former led. him beyond the true limits of art, a drunken
dilates upon the novelty and difficulty of its atti- old woman, in marble, at Smyrna, which of course,
tude, and the triumph of the artist in representing according to Pliny, was inprimis inclyta. (Plin.
such an attitude, even though the work may not H. N. xxxvi. 5. s. 4.) His Cow was not his only
be in all respects accurate (ii. 13). Lucian gives a celebrated work of the kind: there were four' oxen,
much more exact description. (Philopseud. 18, which Augustus dedicated in the portico of the
vol. iii. p. 45): —MhCY ~'iv owesdovz'a, j{v 8' ya o, temple of Apollo on the Palatine, B. c. 28 (Pro~q)7,.v -7r CKELvPd7Ta KiaTc{'d Xjia T'is dperews, pert. ii. 23. 7); and a calf carrying Victory, dearear'payuelvov els o'8aticopoipov, ipea ochciaov'Ta rided by Tatian. (Adv. Graec. 54, p. 117, ed,
Tt, Jrepe, eoKo'ra ~vWaoToyoA'oV' eA1Td ris 6oAsjs; Worth.)
owc cewvoys, i 8' os, Jerel Kal M6pcwos epyov ev Kal He was also an engraver in metals: a celebrated
rTO7TO eT-v, 6 81K0desAos S' hAeEs. We have patera of his is mentioned by Martial (vi. 92).
given the passage atilength in order to make mani- Nothing is known of Myron's life except that,
fest the absurdity of supposing that the figure was according to Petronius (88), he died in great ponot in the action of throwing the quoit, but merely verty. He had a son, LYciUS, who was a distinstretching back the hand to receive the quoit from guished artist.
some imaginary attendant who held it (f'or 8e10KO- (Besides the usual authorities, Winckelmann;
~ opov). The real meaning is that the head was Meyer; Thiersch, Muller, Junius, Sillig, &c., there
turned round backwards towards the hand which is an excellent lecture on Myron in Bittiger's
held the quoit. The two most perfect copies, the Andeutungen zu 24 Vortrigen fiber die ArchiioTownley and the Massimi, agree with Lucian's logie, Vorles. 21.) [P. S.]
description, except that the former has the head in MYRONIA'NUS (Mvpwvoados), of Amastris,
quite a different position, bending down forwards. a Greek writer of uncertain age, was the author of
Barry preferred this position ( Works, vol. i. p. 479; a work entitled'IoTropLKCv doloIwv KsepdAla. (Diog.
ed. 1809, 4to.); *but the attitude described by Lairt. iv. 14, v. 36.) It is also cited by Diogenes
Lucian, and seen in the Massimi statue, gives a under the title of'Ia'opuKa Kiee{sXata (x. 3), ald
better balance to the figure. There is, also, great of'Opuoia simply (i. 115, iii. 40, iv. 8).
reason to doubt whether the head of the Townley MYRO'NIDES (Mvpws'l8bs), a skilful and sucstatue really belongs to it. (See Townnley Gallery, cessful Athenian general. In B.c. 457, the CoLib. Ent. Knowledge, vol. i. p. 240, where it is rinthians invaded Megara with the'view of relieving
figured.) On the whole, the Massimi copy is the Aegina, by drawing away thence a portion of the
best of all, and probably the most faithful to the Athenian troops, which were besieging the chief
original. It is engraved in the Abbildangen zu city of the island. The Athenians, however, who
Winckelmann's Werke,' fig. 80; and in MUiller's had at the same time another force in Egypt, acting.Denkmhiler d. alien Kunst, vol. i. pl. xxxii. fig. with Inarus, did not recal a single man from any
139, b. quarter for the protection of Megara: but the old
Of Myron's other works Pliny (xxxiv. 8. s. 19. and young men who had been left behind.at home,
~ 3) enumerates the following:- a dog; Perseus, marched out under Myronides, and met the Cowhich Pausanias saw in the Acropolis at Athens rinthians in the Megarian territory. After a battle,
(i. 23. ~ 8); sea-monsters (pristas, see Bottiger, in which victory inclined, though not decisively, to,
inf. cit.); a satyr admiring a double flute and the Athenians, the Corinthian troops withdrew,
Minerva, probably a group descriptive of the story and Myronides erected a trophy. But the Corinof MARSYAS; Delphic pentathletes; pancratiasts; thians, being reproached at home for leaving the
a Hercules, which, in Pliny's time, was in the field, returned; and were setting up a rival trophy,
temple of Pompey, by the Circus Maximus; and when the Athenians made a sally. from Megara,
an Apollo, which was taken away from the Ephe- and, in the battle which ensued,' completely defeated
sians by M. Antonius, and restored to them by them. The fugitives, in their retreat, entered
Augustus, in obedience to an admonition in a dream. an enclosure fenced in by. a large ditch, where
The words in the passage of Pliny, fecisse et ci- they were surrounded by the Athenians, who occadae monumentum. ao locustae carminibus sis cupied with a part of their force the only egress,'Erinna sgnificat, are a gross blunder, which Pliny and slew with their darts every man within. In
made by mistaking the name of the poetess gyro the following year, B. c. 456, and sixty-two days
in an epigram by Anyte (or Erinna, Anth. Pal. after the battle of Tanagra, Myronides led am
vii. 190) for that of the sculptor Myron. Athenian army into Boeotia, and defeated the
In addition to Pliny'saccount,the following works Boeotians at Oenophyta, a victory which made his
of Myron are mentioned by other writers: Colossal countrymen masters of Phocis, and of all the Boeostatues of Zeus, Hera, and Heracles, at Samos, the tian towns, with the single exception of Thebes;
three statues on one base. They were removed while even there it seems to have led to the temby M. Antonius, but restored by Augustus, except porary establishment of democracy. After his
the Zeus, which he placed on the Capitol and built victory, Myronides marched against the.Opuntian
a shrine for it (Strab. xiv. p. 637, b.) A Dionysus Locrians, from whom he exacted a hundred'hoin Helicon, dedicated by Sulla. (Paus. ix. 30. ~ 1.) tages; and then, according'to Diodorus, he pene,