A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

:1126 MUSAE. MUSAEUS.
manner that the names of mountains, grottoes, and- a wreath of ivy. In some representations the
wells, connected with their Worship, were likewise Muses are seen with feathers opk their heads, altransferred from the north to the south. Near luding to their contest with the Seirens.. (Hirt,
mount Helicon, Ephialtes and Otus are said to Mythol. Bilderb. p. 203, &c.) [L. S.]
have offered the first sacrifices to them; and in the MUSAEUS (Movaczaos), an officer of Antiochus
same place there was a sanctuary with their sta- the Great, king of Syria. After the decisive battle
tues, the sacred wells Aganippe and Hippocrene, of Sipylus, B. c. 190, he came as an ambassador to
and on mount Leibethrion, which is connected with the Scipios, then at Sardis, to request permission
Helicon, there was a sacred grotto of the Muses. for the king to send commissioners to treat of peace.
(Paus. ix. 29. ~ 1, &c., 30. ~ 1, 31. ~ 3; Strab. (Polyb. xxi. 13.; Liv. xxxvii. 45; App. Syr. 38.)
pp. 410, 471; Serv. ad Ving. Eclog. x. 11.) In B. c. 188 Musaeus was again sent by Antiochus
Pierus, a Macedonian, is said to have been -the to Cn. Manlius Vulso, the Roman proconsul in
first who introduced the worship of the nine Muses, Asia, to learn the terms on which the peace befrom Thrace to Thespiae, at the foot of mount tween his master and the Romans would be finally
Helicon. (Paus. ix. 29. ~ 2.) There they had a ratified. (Polyb. xxii. 24; Liv. xxxviii. 37; App.
temple and statues, and the Thespians celebrated Syr. 39.) [E. E.]
a solemn festival of the Muses on mount Helicon, MUSAEUS (Movo'aos), literary. 1. A semicalled Movo-e4a. (Paus. ix. 27. ~ 4, 31. ~ 3; mythological personage, to be classed with Olen,
Pind. Fragm. p. 656, ed. Boeckh; Diod. xvii. 16.) Orpheus, and Pamphus. He was regarded as the
Mount Parnassus was likewise sacred to them, with author of various poetical compositions, especially
*the Castalian spring, near which they had a temple. as connected with the mystic rites of Demeter at
(Plut. De Pyth. Orac. 17.) From Boeotia, which Eleusis, over which the legend represented him as
thus became the focus of the worship of the nine presiding in the time of Heracles. (Diod. iv. 25.)
Muses, it afterwards spread into the adjacent and He was reputed to belong to the family of the
more distant parts of Greece. Thus we find at Eumolpidae, being the son of Eumolpus and Selene.
Athens a temple of the Muses in the Academy (Philochor. ap. Scheol. ad Arist. Ran. 1065; Diog.
(Paus. i. 30. ~ 2); at Sparta sacrifices were offered Laert. Prooem. 3.) In other variations of the
to them before fighting a battle (iii. 17. ~ 5); at myth he was less definitely called a Thracian,
Troezene, where their worship had been introduced According to other legends he was the son of
by Ardalus, sacrifices were offered to them con- Orpheus, of whom-he was generally considered as
jointly with Hypnos, the god of sleep (Paus. iii. the imitator and disciple. (Diod. iv. 25; Serv. ad
31. ~ 4, &c.); at Corinth, Peirene, the spring of Virg. Aen. vi. 667.) Others made him the son of
Pegasus, was sacred to them (Pers. Sat. Prol. 4; Antiphemus, or Antiophemus, and Helena. (Schol.
Stat. Silv. ii. 7. 1); at Rome they had an altar in ad Soph. Oed. Col. 1047; Suid. s. v. Movoaeos.)
common with Hercules, who was also regarded as In Aristotle (AIirab. p. 711, a.) a wife Deioce is:Musagetes, and they possessed a temple at Ambra- given him; while in the elegiac poem of Hermecia adorned with their statues. (Plut. Quaest. sianax., quoted by Athenaeus (xiii. p. 597), Antiope
Rom. 59; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 36.) The sacrifices is mentioned as' his wife or mistress. Suidas gives
offered to them consisted of libations of water or him a son Eumolpus. The scholiast on Aristomilk, and of honey. (Schol. ad Soph. Oed. Col. 100; phanes mentions an inscription said to have been:Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. vii. 21.) The various sur- placed on the tomb of Musaeus at Phalerus. Paunames by which they are designated by the poets sanias (i. 25. ~ 8) mentions a tradition that the
are for the most part derived from the places which Movueiov in Peiraeus bore that name from having
were sacred to them or in which they were wor- been the place where Musaeus was buried. We
shipped, while some are descriptive of the sweet- find the following poetical compositions, accounted
ness of their songs. as his among the ancients:-1. Xp7o1uot, Oracles.
In the most ancient works of art we find only (Aristoph. Ran. 1031; Paus. x. 9. ~ 11; Herod.
three Muses, and their attributes are musical in- viii. 96.) Onomacritus, in the time of the Peisisstruments, such as the flute, the lyre, or the bar- tratidae, made it his business to collect and arrange
biton. Later artists gave to each of the nine the oracles that passed under the name of Musaeus,
sisters different attributes as well as different and was banished by Hipparchus for interpolating
attitudes, of which we here add a brief account. in the collection oracles of his own making.
1. Calliope, the Muse of epic poetry, appears with (Herod. vii. 6; Paus. i. 22. ~ 7.) 2.'TwroOqKem,
a tablet and stylus, and sometimes with a roll of or precepts, addressed to his son Eumolpus, and
paper; 2. Cleio, the Muse of history, appears in a extending to the length of 4000 lines (Suid. 1. c.).
sitting attitude, with an open roll of paper, or an 3. A hymn to Demeter. This composition is set
open chest of books; 3. Euterpe, the Muse of lyric down.by Pausanias (i. 22. ~ 7) as the only genuine
poetry, with a flute; 4. Melpomene, the Muse of production of Musaeus extant in his day. 4.
tragedy, with a tragic mask, the club of. Heracles,'Era&Kerqels voaov. (Aristoph. Ran. 1031; Plin.
or a sword, her head is surrounded'with vine H. N. xxi. 8.' s. 21.) 5. Oeoyovta. (Diog. Lart.
leaves, and she wears the cothurnus; 5. Terpsi- Prooem. 3). 6. Tl'avoypacpia. (Schol. ad Apoll.
chore, the Muse of choral dance and song, appears Rhod. iii.). 7. paepa. (Diog. Laert. l.c.). What
with the lyre and the plectrum; 6. Erato, the this spVlaera was, is not clear. 8. rIapaA6aors,
Muse of erotic poetry and mimic imitation, some- TeveTal and KaOapAoif. (Schol. ad Arist. 1. c.; Plat.
times, also, has the lyre; 7. Polymnia, or Poly- Respubl. ii. p. 364, extr.) Aristotle (Polit. viii. 5,
hymnia, the Muse of the sublime hymn, usually Hist. Anim. vi. 6) quotes some verses of Musaeus,
appears without any attribute, in a pensive or me- but without specifying from what work or collection.
ditating attitude; 8. Urania, the Muse of astro- Some have supposed the Musaeus who is spoken
nomy, with a staff pointing to a globe; 9. Thaleia, of as the author of the ~eoyovia and Tpampa, to be
the Muse of comedy and of merry or idyllic poetry, a different person from the old bard of that name.
appears with the. comic mask, a shepherd's staff, or But there does not appear to be any evidence to