A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

100 EUPHRANOR..'EUPHRON.:
adorantem): Alexander and Philip'riding in four- praeceptis symmetriarum. (Vitruv.'vii. Praef. ~
horsed chariots, and other quadrigae and bigae. 14.) [P. S.]
(Plin. xxxiv. 8. s. 19, ~ 16.) - The statue.of Apollo EUPHRA'SIUS (Edfppalos), a New Platonist
PatroUis, in his temple in the Cerameicus at Athens, and a disciple.of Iamblichus. (Eunap. Vit. Soph. p,
was by Euphranor. (Paus. i. 3. ~ 3.) Lastly, his 21. ed. Hadrian. Junius.) [L. S.]
statue of Hephaestus, in which the god was not EUPHRA'TES (EbppdTrs), an eminent Stoic
lame, is mentioned by Dion Chrysostom. (Orat. philosopher of the time of Hadrian. According to
p. 466, c.) Philostratus (Vi{. Soph. i. 7, Vit. Apoll. i. 13), he
As a painter, Euphranor executed many great was a native of Tyre, and according to Stephanus
works, the chief of which were seen, in the time of Byzantium (s. v.'EirrirveLa), of Epiphaneia in
of Pausanias, in a porch in the Cerameicus. On Syria; whereas Eunapius (p. 3, ed. Boissonade)
the one side were the twelve gods; and on.the op- calls him an Egyptian.. At the time when Pliny
posite wall, Theseus, with Democracy and Demos the younger served in Syria, he became acquainted
(Aloicpar'ta r'e Kat Aiijuos), in which picture with Euphrates, and seems to have formed an intiTheseus was represented as the founder of the mate friendship with him. In one of his letters
equal polity of Athens. In the same place was (Epist. i. 10) he gives us a detailed account of the
his picture of the battle between the Athe- virtues and talents of Euphrates. His great power
nian and Boeotian cavalry at Mantineia, contain- as an orator is acknowledged also by other conteming portraits of Epaminondas and of Gryl- poraries (Arrian, Dissert. Epictet. iii. 15, iv. 8;
lus, the Son, of Xenophon. (Paus. i. 3. ~ 2, 3.) M. Aurel. x. 31), though Apollonius of Tyana
There were also some celebrated pictures by him charges him with avarice and servile flattery.
at Ephesus, namely, Ulysses, in his feigned mad- When he had arrived at an advanced age, and
ness, yoking an ox with a horse (it is difficult to was tired of life, he asked and obtained from Haunderstand the next words of Pliny, "et palliati drian the permission of putting an end to himself
cogitantes"); and a commander sheathing his by poison. (Dion Cass. lxix. 8.) [L. S.]
sword. (Plin. xxxv.'ll s. 40. ~ 25.). EUPHRON (E{~pwv), a citizen of Sicyon,.Euphranor also wrote works on proportion and who held tile chief power there during the period
on colours (de Symmetria et Coloribus, Plin.. e.), of its subjection to Sparta. In B. C. 368 the city
the two points in which his own excellence seems was compelled by Epameinondas to join the Theban
chiefly to have consisted. Pliny says that he was alliance; and, though its constitution appears to
the first who properly expressed the dignity of have remained unchanged, the influence of Euheroes, by the proportions he gave to their statues; phron was no doubt considerably diminished. In
and Hirt observes that this statement is confirmed order, therefore, to regain it, he took advantage of
by the existing copy of his Paris. (Gesch. d. Bild. the dissatisfaction of the Arcadians and Argives
Kinst, p. 208.) H-Ie made the bodies somewhat with the moderation of Epameinondas, in leaving
more slender, and the heads and limbs larger. His the old oligarchical' governments undisturbed
system of proportion wvas adopted, with some varia- [EPAMEINONDAS], and, representing to them that;
tion, by his great contemporary, Lysippus: in the supremacy of Lacedaemon would surely be
painting, Zeuxis had already practised it. It was, restored in Sicyon if matters continued as they
no doubt, with reference to proportion, as well as were, he succeeded, through their assistance, in
colouring, that he.used to say that the Theseus of establishing democracy. In the election of geneParrhasius had been fed on roses, but his on flesh. rals which followed, he himself was chosen, with
(Plin. /. c.-; Plut. de Glor, Ath. 2.) In his great four colleagues. He then procured the appointpicture of the twelve gods, the colouring of the meAt of his own son, Adeas, to the command of
hair:of Hera was particularly admired. (Lucian, the mercenary troops in the service -of the reImag. 7.) Of the same picture Valerius Maximus public; and he further attached these to his'cause
relates that Euphranor invested Poseidon with by an unsparing use, not only of the public money
such surpassing majesty, that he was unable to and the sacred treasures, but of the wealth also of
give, as he had intended, a nobler expression to many whom he drove into banishment on the
Zeus. (viii. 11, ext. 5.) It is said that the idea charge of Laconism. His next step was to rid
of his Zeus was at length suggested by his hearing himself of his colleagues; and having effected this
a.scholar recite the description in Homer: —'Ap- by the exile of some and the murder of the rest,
gp6olat P' dpa Xa7'rat, &c. (Eustath. ad II. i. 529.) he became tyrant of Sicyon. He was not, howMiiller believed that Euphranor merely copied the ever, entirely independent, for the citadel was
Zeus of Phidias. (Arch. d. Kunst, ~ 140, n. 3.)' occupied by a Theban halmost, sent there, as it
Plutarch (..~.), amidst much praise of the picture would seem, after the democratic revolution; and
of the battle of Mantineia, says that Eltphranor we find Euphron co-operating with that officer
painted it under a divine inspiration (o c.&vevOou- in a campaign against Phlius, probably in B. c. 365.
scrndaos). Philostratus, in his rhetorical style, Not long after this oligarchy was again estabascribes to Euphranor sE' evor~ov (light and shade) lished in Sicyon, by Aeneias, of Stymphalus, the
Kail T'J EVrVOV (expression) KaCd Tri E1lro v Te Kial Arcadian general, and apparently with the conf'Xov (perspeetive and foreshortening). ( Vit. Apol- currence of the Theban harmost. Euphron upon
lon. ii. 9.) Pliny (I. c.) says that Euphranor was, this fled to the harbour, and, having sent to Coabove all men, diligent and willing to learn, and rinth for the Spartan commander Pasimelus, delialways equal to himself His disciples were, vered it up to him, making many professions at
Antidotus (Plin. 1. c. ~ 27), Carmanides (ib. the same time (to which little credit seems to -have
~ 42), and Leonidas of Anthedon. (Steph. Byz. been given) of having been influenced -in all he
s. ar'Avf1w0v.) He was himself a disciple of had done by attachment to the interests of LaceAriston, the son of Aristeides of Thebes. [ARI - daemon. Party-strife, however, still continuing at
TEIDES.] Sicyon, he was enabled, by help from Athens, to
2, An architect of little note, who wrote de regain possession of the city; but he was aware that.