A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

10'66 METHODIUS. METHIODIUS.
painting, Le Beau (Hist. du Bas Empi%, vol. xiv. and have been found well worthy of publication.
p. 362) calls him the most eminent painter of his The most important are: —. Encomium S. Dionzysii
time. It is, however, well known that his con- Areopagqitae. Editions: the Greek text, Florence,
temporaries, Modalulph in France, Tutilo in Ger- 1516, 8vo.; Paris, 1562, 8vo.; Graece et Latine,
many, and Lazarus in Constantinople, enjoyed also in the second volume of " Opera S. Dionysii
a first-rate reputation as painters. (Fabric. Bibl. Areop.," Antwerp, 1634, fol. The question
Graec. vol. vii. p. 272; Cedren. p. 489, &c;; Si- whether, in composing this work, Methodius was
meon' Metaphr, Annal. p. 412, &c.; Zonar. vol. ii. guilty of plagiarism by stealing from the monk Hilp. 135, &c., in the Paris edition; Bolland, Vitae duinus, who wrote on the same subject, caused a
Cyrilli et Methodii; J. G. Stredowsky, Vita Me- literary feud, which is largely discussed in Fabrithod. in Sacrac foravize Hist. Sulzbach, 1710, 4to.; cius, to whom we refer the reader. 2. Oratio in
Chr. Sam. Schmidt, Wai-d'as Christenthunm in eos qui dicunt: Quid proJiit Filius Dei Crucifixus?
Bihmen von Methud (Methlodius), W~. eingefiihrt? Graece et Latine, by Gretserus, in the second voLeipzig, 1789, 8vo.) lume of his work, De Cryce. 3. De Oceursu Si- 2. CONFESSOR, patriarch of Constantinople, was meonis et Annae in Templo, et de Deipara; and 4.
called'OuoAoy4ea, or Confessor,- on account of his In Ramos Palmarum, two orations, Graece et,Lafirm adherence to the worship of images. He was tine, in Combdfis's edition of the works of Methoa native of Syracuse, where he was born towards dius Patarensis, Paris, 1644, fol. 5. Encomiun,
the close of the eighth century of our era, but went S. Agathae Viryginis et.Martyris, a Latin version in
to Constantinople and took holy orders, after Comb6fis's Bibl. Patr.; the text, incomplete, with
giving his property to the church and the poor. For a Latin version, in Leo Allatius, Diatriba de Ilesome time he lived in a convent in the island of thodiis. 6. Canones Poenitentiales, &c., published
Chios. The severe measures of the emperor Leo with a Latin version by Gentianus Herretus. 7.
Armenus induced him to take refuge among the Constitutio'de its qui diverso Alodo, ec., ad fidema
orthodox in Rome, but he returned to Greece after Clhristianam revertantur, Graece et Latine, with
the death of Leo, in 820. Shortly afterwards he notes, by Jac. Goar in Eucholog. Graecor. 8.
was sent by Nicephorus, patriarch of Constanti- Tres versus Jambici ad Thzeodorunz et Thleophianem
nople, as ambassador to pope Pashalis, who en- gr-aptos, tribus illis quos ad ipgsuni miserant Retrusted him with a letter to. Michael, in order sponsorii, in Lambecii Commentarii; also ad
to persuade the emperor to behave less harshly Calcem Const. Manassae in the Paris edition. (Leo
against the orthodox. For this service poor Allatius, Diatriba de Alethodiis; Fabric. Bibl.
Methodius paid very dearly. Michael, offended Graec. vol. vii. p. 273; Cave, Hist. Lit. p. 451,
by the pope's letter, ordered seven hundred lashes &c., ed. Geneva; Baronius, Annal. ad annum
to be inflicted upon the back of Methodius, who, 842; Theophan. Contin. ii. 8, iii. 24, iv. 3, 6,
half dead, was thrown into an awful dungeon in 10; Simeon Metaphrasta, Tleophil. c. 23, Mione of the islands of the Propontis, where he would chael et Thteodora, c. 3; Georg. Monach. Michael
have perished, from want of food had not a poor et Theodora, c. 1.)
fisherman accidentally discovered him, and kept 3. Patriarch of CONSTANTINOPLE in 1240, is
him alive by occasional supplies of bread and fish. probably the author of De Revelatione, which some
He remained there several years; but being a man attribute to Methodius Patarensis. [See No. 6.]
of great talents and acknowledged skill in admi- The Greek text, with a Latin version, is contained
nistrative affairs, he was recalled by Theophilus, in the first volume of the Graecia Orthodoxc, as well
son and successor of Michael, who gave him suitable as in some of the Biblioth. Patr. He also wrote
apartments in his own palace. In a short time Aenigmata, in iambic tristichons, extant in'MS.
Methodiuns obtained great influence at the court; but (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 275; Cave, p. 662,
his orthodox principle caused him a second flogging ed. Geneva.)
and a second imprisonment in his former dungeon. 4. EUBULIUS or EUBULUS. [No. 6.]
Again released, he returned to Constantinople and 5. MONACHUS, lived in Constantinople during
was compelled to accompany Theophilus in his cam- the middle and latter part of the thirteenth century.
paigns against the Arabs, the emperor being in About this time the Byzantine capital was much
want of his talents, although he did not trust him disturbed by the coincident election of Josephus
sufficiently to leave him in the capital. His life, and Arsenius to the patriarchal see of Constantihowever, was far from being agreeable, several nople, each of them being proclaimed by his partiplots having been made to ruin him: among other sans as the sole legitimate patriarch. On this
qharges brought forth against him was that of occasion Methodius wrote a valuable treatise, enhaving committed fornication with a reputed titled:ZvAAoyn} auVvo7rKT1, Sylloga Compendiosa,
courtisan, who declared she was pregnant by the showing that orthodox people ought not to secede
pious bishop; but Methodius cleared himself of this from their spiritual leaders even in case their preimputed misdemeanour. Theophilus died in 842. decessor had been illegally deposed. It was pubHe was succeeded by his widow, Theodora, who lished by Leo Allatius in his Diatriba de Methodiis,
reigned for her infant son, Michael III.; and being with a Latin translation. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
a professed friend of images, she bestowed her vol. vii. p. 275; Cave, Hist. Lit. p. 642, ed.
powerful protection upon Methodius, and caused Geneva.)
him to be chosen patriarch of Constantinople in the 6. Surnamed PATARENSIS, and sometimes,
very year of his accession (842). This high office EUBULUS or EUBULIUS, lived in the third, and
Methodius held till his death, on the 14th of June, died in the beginning of the fourth century of our
846, displaying constantly the greatest activity ill era. He held successively the sees of Olympus
suppressing the iconoclasts, and restoring the wor- and Patara in Lycia (whence Patarensis) and
ship of images. Methodius was a'very learned Tyrus in Phoenicia. He was a Christian; and
man, and wrote a considerable number of works on Suidas says that he died the death of a martyr, at
divinity, of which several have come down to us, Chalcis'AvaroA7is (one of the two Chalcis in