A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

,MENELAUS. MENEMACHUS. 1039
2. A son of Amyntas II., king of Macedonia, 3. Of Aegae, an epic poet, who ~among other
by his wife Gygaea. (Justin. vii. 4.) According works which are not specified, wrote an -epic poem,
to Justin, he was put to death by his step-brother Thebais (03~tals), consisting, according to Suidas,:
Philip, after the capture of Olynthus, B.c. 347. of twelve, and according to Eudocia, of thirteen
(Id. viii. 3.) books. As Longinus mentioned Menelaus with
3. Son of Lagus, and brother of Ptolemy Soter. praise, he must have lived before A. D. 273, for in
His name does not occur among the officers or that year Longinus died (Waltz, Riet. Graec. vi.
generals of Alexander during the lifetime of that p. 93; Ruhnken, Dissert. de Vii. et Script. Longini
monarch, though it is incidentally mentioned by 30, &c. ed. Toupius). The first five books of this
Phylarchus (uap. Athen. xii. p. 539, d.) in terms epic are referreditote bs tephanus Byzantinus (s. vv.
that would seem to imply that he then already oc- TeLyp4,'Trcp[s',,'A,&cL)4uYeLa, AViCaia, Ev'rplorLs),
cupied a distinguished position. (See also Aelian, but no fragments of any importance have come
V. H. ix. 3.) The first occasion on which he ap- down to us. [L. S.]
pears in history is in. c. 315, when he was ap- MENELA'US (MevYeaos), a Greek mathemapointedby his brother to the chief command of the tician, a native of Alexandria, the author of a
forces despatched to Cyprus, where they were treatise in three books, on the Sphere, which is
destined to co-operate with the fleet of Seleucus, comprised in the mathematical collection called
and with Nicocreon, king of Salamis. (Diod. xix. lKpds dopovdos, or ytcpds deorpovoIIo/VeroS..
62.) By their combined efforts, they soon reduced Menelaus is mentioned by Pappus, Proclus, and.
all the cities of Cyprus to subjection, with the ex- Ptolemaeus, who, in his Magna Syntaxis (p. 170),
ception of Cittium; and that also, it would appear, says that he made some astronomical observations.
must have ultimately submitted. Menelaus now at Rome in the first year of the emperor Trajan.
remained in the island, which he governed with (A.D. 98). He is probably the same with the
almost absolute authority, the petty princes of. the Menelaus introduced by Plutarch in his dialogue
several cities being deposed, imprisoned, or assassi- De Facie in Orbe Lunae, p. 930. Besides his work
nated on the slightest symptom of disaffection. on the Sphere, Menelaus wrote a treatise." On the
He still held the chief command in 306, when Quantity and Distinction of Mixed Bodies," Both
Demetrius Poliorcetes arrived in Cyprus with a works were translated into Syriac and Arabic. A'
powerful fleet and army. Unable to contend with Latin translation of the treatise on the Sphere was
this formidable antagonist in the open field, Mene- published at Paris in 1644; and it was also publaus drew together all his forces, and shut himself lished by Marinus Mersennus in his Synopsis Mlaup within the walls of Salamis, which he prepared themnatica, Paris, 1644. This edition contained
to defend to the utmost. But having risked an many additions and interpolations. A more correctl
action under the walls of the town, he was defeated edition was published at Oxford by Halley, a rewith much loss; and Demetrius pressed the siege print of which, with a preface by G. Costard, ap-'
with his wonted vigour. Menelaus, however, suc- peared in 1758. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. pp.
ceeded in burning his battering engines; and by 16, 23.) [C. P. M.]
the most strenuous exertions, made good his de- MENELA'US, a pupil of Stephanus, was the
fence until the arrival of Ptolemy himself, with a sculptor of a marble group in the villa Ludovisi at
powerful fleet, to the relief of the island. In the Rome, which bears the inscription MENEAAOX
great sea-fight that ensued, Menelaus sent a squa- 2TE~4ANOT MA~HTH% EIOIEI. The group,'
dron of sixty ships to assist Ptolemy; but though which consists of a male and female figure, the size
these succeeded in forcing their way out of the of life, has been differently explained. It used to,
harbour of Salamis, they came too late to retrieve be taken to refer to the story of Papirius and his
the fortune of the day; and the total defeat of mother. (Aul. Gell. i. 23.) Thiersch maintains'
the Egyptian fleet having extinguished all his that it is impossible not to recognise the Roman!
hopes of succour, he immediately afterwards sur- matron in the female figure, and in both the exrendered the city of Salamis, with all his forces, pression of maternal and filial love; and he supboth military and naval, into the hands of Deme- poses that it represents some scene from the family
trius. The conqueror, with characteristic mag- life of the Caesars, probably Octavia and Marcelnanimity, sent him back to Egypt, accompanied by lus, " Tu Marcellus eris, manibus date lilia plenis,"
his friends, and carrying with him all his private &c. (Epochen, pp. 295,'296.) Winckelmann at
property. (Diod. xix. 62, 79, xx. 21, 47-53; first took it for Phaedraand Hippolytus (Geschichte
Plut. Demetr. 15-17; Justin. xv. 2; Paus. i. 6, d. Kunst, Vorrede, ~ 5); but he afterwards ex~ 6.) From this time we hear no more of Mene- plained it as representing the recognition of Orestes
laus. There is a coin, attributed to him, which by Electra (bk. xi. c. 2. ~ 29), and this supposition
must have been struck during the period of his has been generally adopted. Thiersch (l.c.) refers
occupation of Cyprus. (Borrell, Notice de Qelques the work to the Augustan age. [Compare STEMlgdailles des Rois de ChypreJ p. 64.) PHANUS.] [P. S.]
4. Onias, son of Simon, who was made high- MENE'MACHUS (Meve'uaXos), a physician
priest of the Jews by Antiochus Epiphanes, as- born at one of the cities named Aphrodisias, who
sumed the name of Menelaus. (Joseph. Ant. xii. belonged to the medical sect of the Methodici, and
5. ~ 1.) [E. H. B.] lived in the second century after Christ. (Galen,
MENELA'US (Mevekaos), literary. 1. Of Introd. c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 684, De Meth. Med. i. 7,
Anaea in Caria, is called by Stephanus Byzantinus vol. x. p. 53, 54.) He wrote some works which
(s. v.'Avcaa) a peripatetic philosopher, and a great are not now extant, and is probably the physician'historian, but is otherwise unknown. quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb. Acut. ii.
2. Of Maratho in Phoenicia, a Greek rhetorician, 1. p. 75), Galen (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos.
whose assistance C. Sempronius Gracchus was said iii. 1, vol. xii. p. 625), and Oribasius (Coll. Medic,
to have used in composing his speeches. (Cic. vii. 21, p 3J18, and in Matthaei's collection, Mosq.
-Brut, 26.) 1808). The Menemachus, however, who is quoted