A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1036 MENECRPAT9S MENEDEMUS.
Pyth. iv. 10;' Tzetz. ad LSc. 886; Schol. Horm. his reception,'but afterwards, perceiving the joke,
II. v. 640.) and finding that no more substantial food was
2. Of Alabanda, a celebrated rhetorician, who offered him, he left the party in disgust. (Athen,
lived shortly before the time of Cicero. He and Aelian, 1. c.)
his brother Hierocles taught rhetoric at Rhodes; 2. TIBERIus CLAUDIUS QUIRINA (KovEpeLvat)
where the orator M. Antonius heard them, about MENECRATES, a physician mentioned in a Greek
B. C. 94. They both belonged to the Asiatic or inscription (Gruter, Inscript. p. 581. ~ 9), is no
florid school of eloquence, which was distinguished doubt the same person who is frequently quoted by
more for pomp and elegance of diction, than for Galen. He lived in the former part of the first
precision of thought. But the two brothers enjoyed century after Christ, and was physician to some of
extraordinary reputation, for Cicero says that they the emperors, probably to Tiberius and Claudiuswere imitated by all Asia. (Cic. Brut. 95, Orat. He enjoyed a great reputation, and composed more
69, de Orat. ii. 23; Strab. xiv. p. 661.) [L. S.] than 150 medical works, of which only a few fragMENE'CRATES (MveKpcdmlr), a freedman of ments remain. He was the inventor of the wellSextus Pompeius, was sent out by him as com- known plaister called diachylon (i. e. d, XvuAv),
mander of a large squadron of ships, in B. c. 38, to and his directions for preparing it were put into
act against Calvisius Sabinus (Octavian's admiral) verse by Damocrates. (Galen, de Compos. Mediand MENAS, the renegade. The fleets came to an carn. see. Gen. vii. 9, 10, vol. xiii. pp. 995, &c.)
engagement off Cumae, and Menecrates had the In consequence of his having observed how easily
advantage over the enemy in manoeuvring; but the signs and contractions used in medical formulae
burning with hatred against Menas, he attacked were mistaken by careless transcribers, he wrote
and grappled with the ship in which he sailed, the quantities, &c. in his prescriptions at full
and though disabled by a severe wound, conti- length; but Galen tells-us (1. c.) that his carefulnued to encourage his men until he saw that the ness did not much benefit posterity, as his works
enemay was on the point of capturing his vessel. were afterwards written with the usual conHe then threw himself overboard and perished. tractions. The Menecrates Zeophletensis (or native
(Dion Cass. xlviii. 46; Appian, B. C. v. 81, of Zeophleta?) quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (De
82.) [E. E.] Morb. Ckron. i. 4, p. 323) may be the same person
MENEICRATES (MeveKPCEr7s). 1. A comic as the preceding. [W. A. G.]
poet, mentioned only by Suidas, who says pdipa'ra MENEDAEUS or MENE'DATUS (Mee.ar'ov Mav4icrwp 4'EpuLoveirv, where the plural hatos, MevfBaros), a Spartan, was one of the three
opateara suggests the alteration of ~ to Kai. Ma- leaders of the Peloponnesian force which was sent
VCe'CWP is obviously an abbreviation of Marye to aid the Aetolians in the reduction of Naupactus,
"Ecvrwp, a title which seems to belong to the Mid- in B. C. 426. The place, however, was saved by
die Comedy. (Fabric. Bibl. Grace. vol. ii. p. 469; Demosthenes, with the help of the Acarnanians.
Meineke, Hist. Crit. Corn. Graec. p. 493.) In the same year Menedaeus was engaged in the
2. Of Smyrna, the author of two epigrams in expedition against Amphilochian Argos; and after
the Greek Anithology (Brunck, Anal. vol. i. p. the death of his two colleagues, Eurylochus and
476; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 227), is not Macarius, at the battle of Olpae, he concluded with
improbably the same as Menecrates of Ephesus, a Demosthenes and the Acarnanian generals a secret
poet mentioned by Varro, de Re Rustica, i. 1. agreement, by which the Peloponnesians were per(See Jacobs,' Anta. Grae. vol. xiii. pp. 916, mitted to withdraw in safety, leaving their allies,
917.) [P. S.] the Ambraciots, to their fate. (Thuc. iii. 100-102,
MENE'CRATES, a sculptor, of whom we only 105-111.) [E. E.]
know, what shows him, however, to have been a MENEDE'MUS, historical. 1. One of the
very eminent artist, that he was the teacher of generals of Alexander the Great, who was sent
Apollonius and Tauriscus, the sculptors of the cele- against Spitamenes, but was surprised and slain,
brated group of the Farnese Bull. (Plin. H. N. together with 2000 foot-soldiers and 300 horse.
xxxvi. 5. s. 4. ~ 10.) [P. S.] (Arrian, iv. 3. ~ 15; Curt. vii. 7, 9.)
MENE'CRATES (Mrvetcpdrns), a Syracusan 2. A native of Alabanda, the leader of part of
physician at the court of Philip, king of Macedon, the forces of Antiochus in Coelesyria. (Polyb. v.
B. c. 359-336. He seems to have been a suc- 69, 79, 82.)
cessful practitioner, but to have made himself ri- 3. Chief of that part of Macedonia which bore
diculous by calling himself" Jupiter," and assuming the name of Libera. He took part with Caesar in
divine honours. (Suid. s. v. MeVSKpad'Tr.) He the civil war B. c. 48. (Caes. B. C. iii. 34.) He
once wrote a letter to Philip, beginning MeveKpticpdr is probably the same with the Menedemus menZess,isAi7r7rq XaapeLv, to which the king wrote tioned by Cicero with considerable aversion as a
back an answer in these words, AEihrrros Me- friend of Caesar (Philipp. xiii. 16, ad Att. xv.,KcpiTep'etiyLarew,. * (Athen. vii. p. 289; Aelian. 2, 4.) [C. P. M.]'Var. Hist. xii. 51.) HIe was invited one day MENEDE'MUS (MevYe13uos), historical. 1. A
by Philip to a magnificent entertainment, where citizen of high rank at Crotona, who was appointed
the other guests were sumptuously fed, while one of the generals to carry on the war against the
he himself had nothing but incense and liba- exiles that had been driven from the city on occasion
tions, as not being subject to the human in- of the war with Syracuse in B. c. 317. Together
firmity of hunger. He was at first pleased with with Paron, his colleague in the command, he
totally defeated the exiles and their auxiliaries,
* According to Plutarch, it was Agesilaus from and put them all to the sword. (Diod. xix. 10.)
whom he got this answer to his letter. ( Vita It appears that he subsequently raised himself to
Ages. c. 21, vol. vi. p. 29, ed. Tauchn.; Apo- the supreme power in his native city; and in that
phtherm. Reg. et Irmper. vol. ii. p. 52, Apophthegir..;
Lawon. vol ii. p. 109.) t That is, belonging to the Tribus Quirina.