A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

1030 MENANDER. MENANDER.
capital charge of having attempted to prevail on the He appears to have early attached himself to the
Romans to sever Sparta from the league; and party of Antigonus, to whom he was the first to
Menalcidas only escaped the danger through the give information of the ambitious schemes of Perprotection of Diaeus, which he purchased with a diccas for marrying Cleopatra. (Arrian, ap. Phot.
bribe of three talents. [CALLICRATES, NO. 4.] In p. 70, b.) In the new distribution of the provinces
B. c. 149 he supported at Rome, against Diaeus, at Triparadeisus he lost his government of Lydia,
the cause of the Lacedaemonian exiles. [DIAEUS.] which was given to Cleitus (Id. p. 72, a.); but
In B. c. 147, when the war between the Achaeans this was probably only in order that he might coand Lacedaemonians had been suspended at the operate the more freely with Antigonus, as we find
command of Caecilius Metellus, he persuaded his him commanding a part of the army of the latter
countrymen to break the truce, and seized and in the first campaign against Eumenes (B. C. 320).
plundered Iasus, a subject town of the Achaeans The following year, on learning the escape of
on the borders of Laconia. The Lacedaemonians, Eumenes-from Nora, he advanced with an army
soon repenting of their rashness, were loud in their into Cappadocia to attack him, and compelled him
outcry against their adviser; and he, driven to to take refuge in Cilicia. (Plut. Eum. 9; Diod.
despair, put an end to his own life by poison, xviii. 59.) From this time no farther mention of
"having shown himself," says Pausanias, "as Menander is found in history.
leader of the Lacedaemonians at that time, the 2. An officer appointed by Alexander to comimost unskilful general; as leader of the Achaeans mand a fortress in Bactria, whom he afterwards put
formerly, the most unjust of men." (Polyb. xl. 5; to death for abandoning his post. (Plut. Alex.
Paus. vii; 11, 12,13, 16.) [E.E.] 57.)
MENALIPPUS (MevdAnr7ror, an equivalent 3. A native of Laodiceia, who was a general of
form to MeAdwcvrrror), an architect, probably of cavalry in the service of Mithridates, and figures
Athens, who, in conjunction with the Roman on several occasions in the wars of that monarch.
architects, C. and M. Stallius, was employed by He was one of those selected to command the army
Ariobarzanes II. (Philopator), king of Cappadocia, under the king's son, Mithridates, which was opto restore the Odeum of Pericles, which had been posed to Fimbria, B. C. 85 (Memnon, c. 34); and
burnt in the Mithridatic war, in 01. 173, 3, B. c. again in the operations against Lucullus, near
86-5. The exact date of the restoration is un- Cabeira, he commanded a detachment of the army
known; but Ariobarzanes reigned from B. c. 63 to of Mithridates, which was destined to cut off a
about B. C. 51. (Bockh, Corp. Insc. vol. i. No. convoy of provisions guarded by Sornatius, but
357; Vitruv. v. 9. 1.) [P. S.] was defeated by that general with heavy loss.
MENALIPPUS. [MELANIPPUS.] (Plut. Lucull. ]7.) He afterwards fell a prisoner
MENANDER (Mevav'pos), an Athenian officer into the hands of Pompey, and was one of the capIn the Syracusan expedition, was, together with tives who served to adorn his triumph. (App.
Euthydemus, associated in the supreme command Mllithr. 117.) [E. H. B.]
with Nicias, towards the end of the year B. c 414. MENANDER (Me'vavpos), king of BACTRIA,
The operations of Menander and his colleague Eu- was, according to Strabo (xi. 11), one of the most
thydemus are narrated in the life of the latter. powerful of all the Greek rulers of that country,
[Vol. II. p, 123, b.] (Thuc. vii. 16, 43, 69; Diod. and one of those who made the most extensive
xiii. 13; Plut. Nicias, c. 20.) It appears to have conquests in India. Plutarch tells us that his rule
been this same Menander whom we find serving -was mild and equitable, and that he was so popular
under Alcibiades in the campaign against Pharna- with his subjects, that the different cities under his
bazus, in the winter of B. C. 409-408 (Xen. Hell. authority, after vying with each other in paying
i. 2. ~ 16), and probably the same who was ap- him funeral honours, insisted upon dividing his
pointed, with Tydeus and Cephisodotus in B. C. remains among them. (De Rep. Ger. p. 821.) Both'405, to share the command of the Athenian fleet these authors term him king of Bactria; but recent'with the generals who had been previously ap- inquirers are of opinion that he did not reign in
pointed-Conon, Philocles, and Adeimantus. He Bactria Proper, but only in the provinces south of
was therefore one of the commanders at the disas- the Paropamisus, or Indian Caucasus. (Lassen,
trous battle of Aegos-potami; and he and Tydeus Gesch. d. Baetr. Kdn. p. 225, &c.; Wilson's
are especially mentioned as rejecting with contempt Ariana, p. 282.) According to Strabo (I. c.), he
the advice of Alcibiades before the battle. (Id. ii. extended his conquests beyond the Hypanis or
1. ~~ 16, 26.) Sutlej, and made himself master of the district of
MENANDER (Me'arvpos). 1. An 6fficer in Pattalene at the mouths of the Indus. These con-the service of Alexander, one of those called eTaspot, quests appear to have been related by Trogus
but who held the command of a body of mercena- Pompeius in his forty-first book (see Prol. Lib.
ries. He was appointed by Alexander, during the xli.), but they are omitted by Justin. The author
settlement of the affairs of Asia made by that of the Periplus of the Erythraean sea, commonly
monarch when at Tyre (B. C. 331), to the govern- ascribed to Arrian, tells us (p. 27, ed. Huids.) that
enent of Lydia, and appears to have remained at silver coins of Menander and Apollodotus were
that post till the year 323, when he was commis- still in circulation in his day among the mersioned to conduct a reinforcement of troops to chants of Barygaza (Baroach); and they have
Alexander at Babylon, where he arrived just before been discovered in modern times in considerable
the king's last illness. (Arrian, Anab. iii. 6. ~ 12, numbers in the countries south of the Hindoo
vii. 23. ~ 2.) In the division of the provinces, Koosh, and even as far east as the Jumna.
after the death of Alexander, he received his former (Wilson, p. 281.) The period of his reign is
government of Lydia, of which he hastened to take wholly uncertain. [E. H. B.]
possession. (Arrian, ap. Phot. p. 69, b.; Dexippus, MENANDER, A'RRIUS, a Roman jurist, who
ibid. p. 64, a.; Justin. xiii. 4; Curt. x. 30. ~ 2; lived under Septimius Severus and Antoninus CaDiod. xviii. 3, erroneously has Meleager instead.) racalla, the son of Severus. Caracalla succeeded his