A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

EUNAPIUS. - EUNEICE. 93
differ very much. According to some, the Eleuni- tains 23 biographies of sophists, most of whom were
nians under Eumolpus attacked the Athenians contemporaries of Eunapius, or at least had lived
under Erechtheus, but were defeated, and Eumol- shortly before him. Although these biographies are
pus with his two sons, Phorbas and Immaradus, extremely brief, and are written in an intolerably
were slain. (Thuc. ii. 15; Plut. Menex. p. 239; inflated style, yet they are to us an important source
Isocrat. Panatit. 78; Plut. Parall. CGr. et. Rom. 20; of information respecting a period in the history of
Schol. ad Eurip. P/oen. 854.) Pausanias (i. 38. philosophy which, without this work, would be
~ 3) relates a tradition that in the battle between buried in utter obscurity. Eunapius shews himthe Eleusinians and Athenians, Erechtheus and self an enthusiastic admirer of the philosophy of
Immaradus fell, and that thereupon peace was con- the New Platonists, and a bitter enemy of Chriscluded on condition that the Eleusinians should in tianity. His biographies were first edited with
other respects be subject to Athens, but that they a Latin translation and a life of Eunapius by
alone should have the celebration of their mysteries, Hadrianus Junius, Antwerp, 1568, 8vo. Among
and that Eumolpus and the daughters of Celeus the subsequent editions we may mention those of
should perform the customary sacrifices. When H. Commelinus (Frankfurt, 1596, 8vo.) and Paul
Eumolpus died, his younger son Ceryx succeeded Stephens. (Geneva, 1616, 8vo.) The best, howhim in the priestly office. According to Hyginus ever, which gives a much improved text, with a
(Fab. 46; comp. Strab. vii. p. 321), Eumolpus commentary and notes by Wyttenbach, is that of
came to Attica with a colony of Thracians, to claim J. F. Boissonade, Amsterdam, 1822, 2 vols. 8vo.
the country as the property of his father, Poseidon. 2. A continuation of the history of Dexippus (MTcr
Mythology regards Eumolpus as the founder of the ALeT4rrov XpovLKi) ioropia), in fourteen books.
Eleusinian mysteries, and as the first priest of (Phot. Bibl. Cod. 77.) It began with the death
Demeter and Dionysus; the goddess herself taught of Claudius Gothicus, in A. D. 270, and carried
him, Triptolemus, Diodes, and Celeus, the sacred the history down to A. D. 404, in which year
rites, and he is therefore sometimes described as St. Chrysostom was sent into exile, and which
having himself invented the cultivation of the vine was the tenth year of the reign of Arcadius. This
and of fruit-trees in general. (Homrn. Hymn. in account of Photius (I. c.) seems to be contradicted
Cer. 476; Plin. H. N. vii. 53; Ov. Met. x. 93.) by a passage of the excerpta (p. 96, ed. Bekker
Respecting the privileges which his descendants and Niebuhr), in which Eunapius speaks of the
enjoyed in Attica, see Dict. of Ant. s. v. Eluoo7rtBaL. avarice of the empress Pulcheria, who did not obAs Eumolpus was regarded as an ancient priestly tain that dignity till A. D. 414; but the context of
bard, poems and writings on the mysteries were that passage shews that it was only a digression in
fabricated and circulated at a later time under his the work, and that the work itself did not extend
name. One hexameter line of a Dionysiac hymn, to A. D. 414. It was written at the request of'
ascribed to him, is preserved in Diodorus. (i. 11; Oribasius, and Photius saw two editions of it. In
Suid. s. v.) The legends connected him also with the first, Eunapius had given vent to his rabid feelHeracles, whom he is said to have instructed in ings against Christianity, especially against Conmusic, or initiated into the mysteries. (Hygin. stantine the Great; whereas he looked upon the
Fab. 273; Theocrit. xxiv. 108; Apollod. ii. 5. emperor Julian as some divine being that had been
~ 12.) The difference in the traditions about Eu- sent from heaven upon earth. In the second edimolpus led some of the ancients to suppose that tion, from which the excerpta still extant are taken,
two or three persons of that name ought to be dis- those passages were omitted; but they had been
tinguished. (Hesych. s. v. EViuoATrGam; Schol. ad expunged with such negligence and carelessness,
Oed. Col. 1051; Phot. Lex. s. v. Et}uoXriaai.) that manypartsoftheworkwereveryobscure. But
The tomb of Eumolpus was shewn both at Eleusis we cannot, with Photius, regard this " editio purand Athens. (Paus. i. 38. ~ 2.) [L. S.] gata" as the work of Eunapius himself, and it was
EUMNESTUS(E'u vr'7os), son of Sosicratides, in all probabilitymade by some bookseller or a
an Athenian sculptor, about B. c. 24. (Bhckh, Christian, who thus attempted to remedy the deCorp. Inscr. i. p. 430, No. 359, comp. Add. p. fects of the original. The style of the work, so far
911.) [P. S.] as we can judge of it, was as bad as that of the
EUNA'PIUS (Evd'crlIos), a Greek sophist and Lives of the Sophists, and is severely criticised by
historian, was born at Sardis in A. D. 347, and Photius. All we now possess of this work consists
seems to have lived till the reign of the emperor of the Excerpta de Legationibus, which were made
Theodosius the Younger. He received his first from it by the command of Constantine Porphyrogeeducation from his kinsman Chrysanthius, a sophist nitus,and a number of fragments preserved in Suidas.
at Sardis, who implanted in him that love of the These remains, as far as they were known at the
pagan and that hatred of the Christian religion time,were publishedbyD. Hischel (Augsburg,1603,
which so strongly marked his productions. In his 4to.), H. Fabrotti (Paris, 1648, fol.), and in Boissixteenth year he went to Athens to cultivate his sonade's edition of the Lives of the Sophists. (vol.
mind under the auspices of Proaeresius, who con- i. p. 455, &c.) A. Mai discovered considerable
ceived the greatest esteem for the youth, and loved additions, which are published in his Scriptoruzn
him like his own son. After a stay of five years, Vet. Nova Collectio, vol. ii. p. 247-316, from which
he prepared to travel to Egypt, but it would seem they are reprinted in vol. i. of the Corpus Script.
that this plan was not carried into effect, and that Hist. Byzant. edited by I. Bekker and Niebuhr.
he was called back to Phrygia. He was also Whether the rhetorician Eunapius, whom Suidas
skilled in the medical art. During the latter period (s. v. Movech'los) calls O iec Ipvytas, is the same as
of his life, he seems to have been settled at Athens, our Eunapius, is uncertain. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
and engaged in teaching rhetoric. He is the author vol. vii. p. 538.) [L. S.]
of two.works. i. Lives of Sophists (BiOr qtAoed- EUNEICE (E'vdezic), a daughter of Nereus
pwv Kical a!o0ra7r), which work is still extant. He and Doris, caused the death of Hylas. (Hes.
composed it at the request of Chrysanthius. It con- Theog. 247; Theocrit. xiii. 45.) [L. S.]