A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

92 EUMENIUS. EUMOLPUS.
were represented as maidens of a grave and so- Gallia Lugdunensis, in order that he might publemn mien, in the richly adorned attire of huntresses, licly acknowledge the liberality of the prince, might
with a band of serpents around their heads, and explain his own views as to the manner in which
serpents or torches in their hands. With later the objects in view could best be accomplished, and
writers, though not always, the number of Eume- might declare his intention of carrying these plans
nides is limited to three, and their names are Tisi- into effect without any tax upon the public, by
phone, Alecto, and Megaera. (Orph. Hymn. 68; devoting one-half of his allowance to the support of
Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 406; Virg. Aen. xii. 845.) At the establishment. We find included (c. 14) an
Athens there were statues of only two. (Schol. ad interesting letter addressed by Constantius to EuOed. Col. 42.) The sacrifices which were offered to menius.
them consisted of black sheep and nephalia, i. e. a 2. Panegyricus Constantio Caesari dictus. A
drink of honey mixed with water. (Schol. 1. c.; congratulatory address upon the recovery of Britain,
Paus. ii. 11. ~ 4; Aeschyl. Eum. 107.) Among delivered towards the close of A. D. 296, or the bethe things sacred to them we hear of white turtle- ginning of 297. [ALLECTUS; CARAUSIUS.]
doves, and the narcissus. (Aelian, H. A. x. 33; 3. Panegyricus Constantino Augusto dictus, proEustath. ad Hom. p. 87.) They were worshipped nounced at Treves, A. D. 310, on the birth-day of
at Athens, where they had a sanctuary and a the city, in the presence of Constantine, containing
grotto near the Areiopagus: their statues, how- an outline of the career of the emperor, in which
ever, had nothing formidable (Paus. i. 28. ~ 6), all his deeds are magnified in most outrageous
and a festival Eumenideia was there celebrated in hyperboles. Heyne is unwilling to believe that
their honour. Another sanctuary, with a grove Eumenius is the author of this declamation, which
which no one was allowed to enter, existed at he considers altogether out of character with the
Colonus. (Soph. Oed. C(ol. 37.) Under the name moderation and good taste displayed in his other
of Marsia, they were worshipped at Megalopolis. compositions. The chief evidence consists in
(Paus. viii. 34. ~ 1.) They were also worshipped certain expressions contained in chapters 22 and
on the Asopus and at Ceryneia. (Paus. ii. 11. ~ 4, 23, where the speaker represents himself as a
vii. 25. ~ 4; comp. Bittiger, Furienmaske, Weimar, native of Autun, and, in the language of a man ad1801; Hirt, Mythol. Bilderb. p. 201, &c.) [L.S.] vanced in years, recommends to the patronage of
EUME'NIUS, whose works are included in the the sovereign his five sons, one of whom is spoken
collection which commonly bears the title " Duo- of as discharging the duties of an office in the
decim Panegyrici Veteres" [DREPANIUS], was a treasury.
native of Autun, but a Greek by extraction; for his 4. Gratiarum actio Constantino Augusto FEaviengrandfather was an Athenian, who acquired cele- sium nromine. The city of Autun having expebrity at Rome as a teacher of rhetoric, and having rienced the liberality of Constantine, who in
subsequently removed to Gaul, practised his profes- consideration of their recent misfortunes had resion until past the age of eighty, in the city where lieved the inhabitants from a heavy load of taxahis grandson, pupil, and successor, was born. Eu- tion, assumed in honour of its patron the appellation
menius flourished towards the close of the third and of Flavia, and deputed Eumenius to convey to the
at the beginning of the fourth centuries, and at- prince expressions of gratitude. This address was
tained to such high reputation that he was ap- spoken at Treves in the year A. D. 311.
pointed to the office of magister sacrae memoriae, a For information with regard to the general
sort of private secretary, in the court of Constantius merits and the editions of Eumenius and the other
Chlorus, by whom he was warmly esteemed and panegyrists, see DREPANIUS. [W. R.]
loaded with favours. The precise period of his EUMOLPUS (Eduo"ros), that is, " the good
death, as of his birth, is unknown, but we gather singer," a Thracian who is described as having
from his writings that he had, at all events, passed come to Attica either as a bard, a warrior, or a
the prime of life. The city of Cleves at one period priest of Demeter and Dionysus. The common
claimed him as their townsman, and set up an an- tradition, which, however, is of late origin, reprecient statue, which they declared to be his effigy. sents him as a son of Poseidon and Chione, the
The pieces generally ascribed to this author are daughter of Boreas and the Attic heroine Oreithya.
the following. 1. Oratio pro instaurandis scholis. According to the tradition in Apollodorus (iii. 15.
Gaul had suffered fearfully from the oppression of ~ 4), Chione, after having given birth to Eumolpus
its rulers, from civil discord, and from the incursions in secret, threw the child into the sea. Poseidon,
of barbarian foes, for half a century before the ac- however, took him up, and had him educated in
cession of Diocletian. During the reign of the Ethiopia by his daughter Benthesicyma. When
second Claudius, Autun in particular, after sustain- he had grown up, he married a daughter of Bening a siege of seven months, was compelled to thesicyma; but as he made an attempt upon the
surrender to the half-savage Bagaydae, by whom it chastity of his wife's sister, Eumolpus and his son
was almost reduced to ruins. Constantius Chlorus Ismarus were expelled, and they went to the
having resolved to restore not only the buildings of Thracian king Tegyrius, who gave his daughter in
the city, but also to revive its famous school of rhe- marriage to Ismarus; but as Eumolpus drew upon
toric, called upon Eumenius, who, it would seem, himself the suspicion of Tegyrius, he was again
had by this time retired from public life and was obliged to take to flight, and came to Eleusis in
enjoying his dignities, to undertake the superin- Attica, where he formed a friendship with the
tendance of the new seminary, allowing him, how- Eleusinians. After the death of his son Ismarus,
ever, to retain his post at court, and at the same however, he returned to Thrace at the request of
time doubling his salary, which thus amounted to king.Tegyrius. The Eleusinians, who were involved
the large sum of 600,000 sesterces, or about 50001. in a war with Athens, called Eumolpus to their
per annum. The principal, before entering on his assistance. Eumolpus came with a numerous band
duties, delivered (A. D. 296, or 297) the oration of Thracians, but he was slain by Erechtheus. The
now before us,. in the presence of the praeses of traditions about this Eleusinian war, however,