A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

'MAZAEUS. MEDETA. 1003
J. Honoriorus arranged similar excerpta, which'were Ochus, while the latter was preparing to march
published, the former in 4to., without date and against them in person, B. c. 351 (Diod. xvi. 42).
without name of place or printer, but about 1500, 2. A Persian officer who was sent by Dareius, at
the latter at Leipzig, 4to. 1503. These facts prove the head of a small force, to guard the passage of
how highly the Memorabilia was valued as a store- the Euphrates, at Thapsacus, and ravage the dishouse where rhetoricians could at all times find a trict through which Alexander was likely to pass.
large and varied stock of striking illustrations ready He prevented the troops sent forwards by Alexfor use; and Paris informs us that his epitome was ander from completing the bridges which they had
intended to render these treasures more available to begun to throw across the river, but retired on the
debaters and declaimers. approach of Alexander himself, and rejoinedDareius.
The Editio Princeps of Valerius Maximus, ac- His name occurs several times in the account of
cording to the best bibliographers, is a folio in the manoeuvres which preceded the battle of GauGothic characters, without date and without any gamela, and in the battle itself he headed the
name of place or printer, but which is known to Persian cavalry, with which he sorely pressed
have been the work of J. Mentelin of Strasburg, Parmenio, while a detachment by his orders asand to have appeared about 1470: this and two saulted the Macedonian camp. After the flight of
other very old impressions, one by Peter Schoyfer, Dareius he retreated with the remnants of the army
fol. Mogunt. 1471, the other by Vindelin de Spira, to Babylon, but made a voluntary surrender on the
fol. Venet. 1471, contest the honour of being the approach of Alexander, who appointed him satrap
first, and in addition, upwards of fourteen distinct of Babylon, B. c. 331. (Arrian, iii. 7. ~ 2, iv. 18.
editions, were published before 1490, a sure indi- ~ 4, vii. 18. ~ I; Curt. iv. 9. ~~ 7, 12, 14, iv. 12.
cation of the high estimation in which the book ~~ 1, 15, iv. 15. ~ 5, iv. 16. ~~ 1, 7, v. 1. ~~ 17,
was held. 43, v. 8. ~ 12.) [C. P. M.]
The first critical edition was that of Aldus, 8vo. MAZARES (Ma~'dpls), a Mede, was sent by
Venet. 1502; and the text was.gradually improved Cyrus into Lydia, about B. c. 545, to carry into
by the labours of Paulus Manutius, 8vo. Venet. effect there the suggestion of Croesus, that the
1534; of Steph. Pighius, who filled up many Lydians should be prevented from bearing arms
blanks from MSS., but did not bestow sufficient and be rendered as effeminate as possible. Mazares
time upon his task, 8vo. Antv. Plantin. 1657; of was also commissioned to bring PACTYAS, the
Vorstius, 8vo. Berol. 1672; and especially of Tor- rebel, back to Cyrus, as a prisoner. He compelled
renius, 4to. Leid. 1726, whose text is still the the Lydians to submit to the new regulations of
standard, although some improvements were intro- the conqueror, and he succeeded in getting Pactyas
duced by Kappius, 8vo. Lips. 1782; and much into his power. He then went against the rebels,
still remains in a most unsatisfactory condition. who had besieged Tabalus, the Persian governor,
We have an English translation, "The History in the citadel of Sardis; and, having enslaved the
of the Acts and Sayings of the Ancient Romans, Prienians, he overran the region about the Maeanwritten by Valerius Maximus, translated into der and the Magnesian plain. Soon after he was
English by W. Speed, 8vo. Lond. 1678;" another attacked by a disease which proved fatal. (Herod,
by Charles Lloyd was advertised in 1814; but it i. 156-16.1.) [E. E.]
seems doubtful whether it was ever published. MEBARSAPES (MvqapoadrV7s), king of AdiaThere is a very old half translation, half com- bene, a province of Assyria, was attacked by Tramentary, in French, by Simon de Hesdin and jan in his expedition against the Parthians. (Dion
Nicolas de Gonesse, commenced by the former Cass. lxviii. 22, with the note of Reimarus.)
as early as 1364, finished by thle latter about MECHANEUS (MoXavevis), skilled in invent1405, and printed without date or name of ing, was a surname of Zeus at Argos (Paus. ii. 22,
place about 1476. See Mtmnoires de l'Academie ~ 3). The feminine form, Mechanitis (MqxavmT'ls),
de Belles Lettres, vol. xxxvi. p. 165. There are occurs as a surname of Aphrodite, at Megalopolis,
also several translations into French, Italian, and and of Athena, in the same neighbourhood. (Paus.
German, the most recent in the three languages viii. 31, ~ 3, 36, ~ 3.) [L. S.]
respectively being those by Fremion, 3 vols. 8vo. MECHO/PHANES, a disciple of Pausias, and
Paris, 1827; by Michaele Battagia, 2 vols. 8vo. apparently a distinguished painter of the Sicyonian
Treviro, 1821; and by Hoffmann, 5 vols. 16mino. school, is thus described by Pliny:-" Sunt quibus
Stuttgard, 1828. [W. R.] et Mechophanes, ejusdem Pausiae discipulus, placeat
MAZA'CES (MadiKcns), a Persian, satrap of diligentia, alias durus in coloribus, et sile multus."
Egypt. He appears to have succeeded Sabaces, (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 11. s. 40. ~ 31.) [P. S.]
after the latter fell at the battle of Issus. When MECISTEUS (Mi7ra'rev's). 1. A son of TaAmyntas with his Greek troops and some Egyptians laus and Lysimache, brother of Adrastus, and father
who had joined him, appeared before Memphis, of Euryalus of Thebes. (Hom. It. ii. 566; Apollod.
Mazaces was at first defeated; but afterwards iii. 6. ~ 3; comp. EURv'ALUS.)
sallied forth at the head of his forces, while they 2. A son of Echius, and one of the companions
were scattered about in search of plunder, and of Teucer at Troy. (Hom. It. viii. 333; comp.
slew Amyntas with most of his men. [AMYNTAS.] Herod. v. 67.) Mecisteus also occurs as a surname
On the approach of Alexander, Mazaces, who had of Heracles. (Lycoph. 651,) [L. S.]
no Persian troops at his command, and finding re- MECON (MiKwcv), i. e. a poppy, is said to have
sistance hopeless, voluntarily submitted, and gave been the name of an Athenian whom Demeter
up to Alexander 800 talents, anld all the royal loved, and who was metamorphosed into a poppy
stores, B. C. 332.' (Arrian, iii. 1; Curt. iv. 1. ~ plant. (Serv. ad Viyg. Georg. i. 212; Callim. Hymn.
30, &c., 7. ~ 4.) [C. P. M.] in Cer. 45; Theocrit. vii. in fin.) [L. S.1
MAZAEUS (Marados). 1. Satrap of Cilicia, MEDEIA (Mt3ema), a daughter of Aeites by
who, with Belesys, satrap of Syria, made head the Oceanid Idyia, or, according to others, by
against the revolted Phoenicians, in the reign of Hecate, the daulghter of Perses (Apollod. i. 9