A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

MAXMUS MAXIMUS.
made himself' master of the Romaai portion'of The title of his onlv extant work is variously
Spain; but this rebellion was a-trifling affair, and given.as ALtaed'ets, Dissertationes, or. AoyoL, Serhe perhaps only got possession of some small dis- mones. It consists of forty-one dissertations on
trict. Failing in his enterprise he was seized, theological, ethical, and other philosophical sub-'
carried to Italy, and, in 422, put to death at jects. Heinsius thinks that the author arranged
Ravenna together with Jovinus. [GERONTIUS.] them in ten Tetralogia, or sets of four each, ac(Sozom. ix. 12-15; Orosius, vii. 42, 43; Olym- cording to the subjects; and in one of his notes. he
piodorus apud'Phot. Biblioth. cod. 80; Greg. conjecturally gives what le regards as their correct
Turon. 1. iL c. 9; Prosper, Marcellinus, Idatius, order. The Dissertatio "Ot irprs 7raoaava vir4oeait
Chronica.) [W, P.] dpldresTaL d o- 4qro XordPVou Adiyos, Omni subjecto
MA'XIMUS TY'RIUS, a native of Tyre, a philosophiam convenire, he considers to have been
Greek writer of the age of the Antonines, was the priiem or introduction to the whole work. The
rather later, therefore, than Maximus the Rhetori- work was first printed in the Latin version of
cian, mentioned by Plutarch (Syrmp. ix. probl. 4), Cosmus Paccius, archbishop of Florence, made front
and rather earlier than the Maximus mentioned a MS. of the original which Janus Lascaris had
by Porphyry (apud Euseb. Bvcang. Praep. x. 3) as brought from Greece into Italy to Lorenzo de' Mehaving been present at the supper given by Longi- dici. This version was published fol. Rome, 1517,
nus at Athens in honour of Plato. It is disputed by Petrus Paccius, the translator's brother: again,
whether Maximus of Tyre was one of the tutors of fol. Basil. 1519, and in a smaller form at Paris,
the emperor Aurelius. The text of the Cklronicon 1554. The Greek text was first printed by Hen.
of Eusebius, in which he is mentioned, being lost, Stephanus, 8vo. Paris, 1557, accompanied, but in
we have to'choose between the interpretation of a separate volume, by the version of Paccius. The
his translator Jerome, according to whom Maximus edition of Heinsius, from a MS. in the King's
is not mentioned as tutor to the emperor, and the Library at Paris (with the title quoted above),
reading of Georgius Syncellus [GEORCGIUS, No. 46], with a new Latin version and notes by the editor,
who appears to have transcribed Eusebius, and ac- was printed 8vo. Leyden, 1607 and again 1614, and
cording to whom Maximus held that office in con- without the notes, A. D. 1630. It has been rejunction. with Apollonius. of Chalcedon [APOLLO- printed once or twice since then. In the first ediNIUS, No. 11], and Basileides of Scythopolis tion the Latin version and the notes formed separate
[BASILEIDES, No. 2J]. Even if we accept the volumes. Heinsius did not follow either the arreading of Syncellus, as representing the genuine rangement of his MS. or his own suggested arrangetext of Eusebius, it is not improbable that the state- ment in Tetralogic. The first edition of Davis,
ment may have arisen from the latter confounding fellow of Queen's College, Cambridge, with the
Claudius Maximus, the Stoic, with Maximus of version of Heinsius, whose arrangement he adopted,
Tyre. Tillemont contends earnestly (Hist. des and short notes, was published, 8vo. Cambridge,
ZEmpereurs, vol. ii. p. 550, note 11, sur l'Emp. Tile 1703; the second and more important edition, in
Antonin.) for the identity of the two persons, fol- which the text was carefully revised and a different
lowing in this the judgment of Jos. Scaliger, Jac. arrangement of the Dissertationes was adopted, was
Cappellus, Dan. Heinsius, and Barthius. Accord- published after the editor's death by Dr. John
ing to Suidas (s. v. MdSluos Tr'ptos) Maximus re- Ward, the Gresham professor, with valuable notes,
sided at. Rome in the time.of the emperor Commo- by Jeremiah Markland, 4to. London, 1740. This
dus, and the title of: the MS. of the Dissertationes second edition of. Davis was reprinted with some
Maximi, in the King's Library at Paris, used by corrections and additional notes by Jo. Jac. Reiske,
Heinsius, Masicov Tuvplou 1tNa'wvao6 qtAoadcpov 2 vols. 8vo.'Lips. 1774-5. The works fnepi
r&v 4E.'Pojup aOlae'ewr, 7rs 7rpw7'Ts 4rt7rlsras'O'lu7pou Kcar ss Xi rtap' aJpl cipxala (cpaooola,
Adyot Qua', Maximi 7Tyrii Platonici Philosop7ii Dis- De Homero et quae sit apud eum antiquae Philososertationum Romae, quum ibi primo versaretur, corn- phia, and Esl aAkts ZtcKp&Trqs oiaK dsreko'y-a4 o,
positarus, &c., gives reason to believe that he re- ectene Socratesfece it, quod accusatus non nesponsided there at least twice. Davis, indeed, disputes derit, mentioned by Suidas (1. c.), appear to be two
this, and.conjectures from intimations contained in of the Dissertationes, Nos. 16 and 39, in the edithe work: itself that only a few of the dissertations tions of Heinsius and first of Davis, and Nos. 32
(five or perhaps seven) were written at Rome, that and 9 in Davis's second and Reiske's editions.
others were written in Greece, in which country he Some Svholia in Cratylum Platonis, by Maximus
thinks' Maximus passed a longer period of his life of Tyre, were formerly extant in the Palatine
than at Rome. Certainly,' while his works con- Library. Fed. Morellus conjectured, but on intain abundant allusions to Grecian history, there is sufficient grounds, that Maximus was the Tyrian
scarcely a single reference to that of Rome..- In sophist mentioned by Libanius (Orat.' xix. pro
one passage (Dissert. viii. 8), Maximus states that Saltatoribus) as having written an'Evardqlos Aoyos,
he had seen the sacred rivers Marsyas and Maean-' Oratio Funebris, for the Trojan Paris.
der at Celaenae in Phrygia. He probably also The merits of Maximus of Tyre have been vahad -visited Paphos, in the isle of Cyprus, Mount riously estimated. Reiske, who undertook the
Olympus, in Asia Minor, and perhaps Aetna, in charge of the Leipzig edition, at the request of the
Sicily, with which he contrasts Olympus; and as bookseller, when worn down by increasing years
he had seen also the quadrangular stone which the and long literary labours, especially in editing
Arabs worshipped as an image or emblem of their Plutarch, speaks of Maximus as a tedious, affected
deity, it is most likely that he had been in Arabia. writer, who degraded the most elevated and im(Maxim.. Dissernt. ibid.) But he does not appear portant subjects by his trivial and puerile mode of
to have resided in these places, but only to have treating them. But Markland, while admitting
visited them in the course of his travels, which and blaming the haste and inaccuracy of Maximus,
must have been extensive. The time of his death praises his acuteness, ability, and learning. He
iL not known. thinks that Maximus published two editions of his