A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

978 DEMOPHANES. DEMOPHON.
aera. He probably lived in the time of Hadrian, chief persons who delivered Megalopolis from the
though the exact date of his birth and death is tyranny of Aristodemus, and also assisted Aratus
unknown. We owe our knowledge of his character in abolishing tyranny at Sicyon. For a time they
to Lucian, who has painted it in the most glowing were entrusted with the administration of the state
colours, representing him as almost perfectly wise of Cyrene, and Philopoemen in his youth had enand good. He adds that he has written an ac- joyed their friendship. (Polyb. x. 25.) [L. S.]
count of Demonax, ' in order that the young who DEMOPHILUS. [DAMOPHILUS.]
wish to apply to the study of philosophy may not DEMO'PHILUS ( Aspio'lqos). 1. The son of
be obliged to confine themselves to examples from Ephorus, was an historian in the time of Alexanantiquity, but may derive from his life also a model der the Great. He continued his father's history
for their imitation." Of his friends the best known by adding to it the history of the Sacred War
to us was Epictetus, who appears to have exercised from the taking of Delphi and the plunder of its
considerable influence in the direction of his mind. temple by Philomelus the Phocian, B. c. 357.
By birth a Cyprian, he removed to Athens, and (Diod. xvi. 14; Suid. s. v. 'Eýtrros, where"E0opos
there joined the Cynical school, chiefly from re- should be read forE(pnrros; Athen. vi. p. 232, d.;
spect to the memory of Diogenes, whom he con- Schol. Horn. II. xiii. 301; Vossius, de Hist. GCraec.
sidered the most faithful representative of the life p. 98, ed. Westermann.)
and virtues of Socrates. Hie appears, however, to 2. An Athenian comic poet of the new comedy.
have been free from the austerity and moroseness The only mention of him is in the Prologue to the
of the sect, though he valued their indifference to Asinaria of Plautus, who says, that his play is
external things; but we do not find that he con- taken from the 'Ovayos of Demophilus, vv. 10-13,
tributed anything more to the cause of science than "Huic nomen Graece est Onagos Fabulae.
the original Cynics. His popularity at Athens was Demophilus scripsit, Marcus vortit barbare.
so great, that people vied with each other for the Asinariam volt esse, si per vos licet.
honour of offering him bread, and even boys shewed Inest lepos ludusque in hac Comoedia."
their respect by large donations of apples. He Meineke observes that, judging from the "lepos
contracted some odium by the freedom with which ludusque" of the Asinaria, we have no need to rehe rebuked vice, and he was accused of neglecting gret the loss of the 'Ovayos. (Meineke, FrPag. Com.
sacrifice and the Eleusinian mysteries. To these Graec. i. p. 491.)
charges he returned for answer, that " he did not 3. A Pythagorean philosopher, of whose persacrifice to Athena, because she could not want his sonal history nothing is known. He wrote a
offerings," and that " if the mysteries were bad, work entitled Piov SepdrrEla, treating of practical
no one ought to be initiated; if good, they should ethics, parts of which are still extant, in the form
be divulged to everybody,"- the first of which re- of a selection, entitled yvwpuicad dotolcva-ra, from
plies is symptomatic of that vague kind of Deism which we may infer that the whole work must
which used so generally to conceal itself under an have been of the highest order of excellence. The
affectation of reverence for the popular gods. He extant portion of it was first printed by Lucas
never married, though Epictetus begged him to do Holstenius in his collection of the ancient writers
so, but was met by the request that his wife might on practical morals, Rome, 1638, 8vo., Lugd. Bat.
be one of Epictetus's daughters, whose own 1639, 12mo.; then by Gale, in his Opusc. Mythol.
bachelor life was not very consistent with his Cant. 1670, 8vo., Amst. 1688, 8vo., also with the
urging the duty of giving birth to and educating Oxford edition of Maximus Tyrius, 1677, 12mo.,
children. This and other anecdotes of Demonax and with Wetstein's Epictetus, Amst. 1750, 12mo.;
recorded by Lucian, shew him to have been an in a separate form by J. Swedberg, Stockholm,
amiable, good-humoured man, leading probably a 1682, 8vo., and more correctly by I. A. Schier,
happy life, beloved and respected by those about Lips. 1754, 8vo., and lastly by J. C. Orelli, in his
him, and no doubt contrasting favourably with Opusc. CGraec. Vet. Scntent. Lips. 1819, 8vo. [P.S.]
others who in those times called themselves votaries DEMO'PHILUS, artists. 1. Of Hlimera, a
of those ancient systems which, as practical guides painter, who -flourished about B. c. 424, was said
of life, were no longer necessary in a world to by some to have been the teacher of Zeuxis. (Plin.
which a perfect revelation had now been given, xxxv. 9. s. 36. ~ 2; ZEUXIS )
[CRESCENS.] Demonax died when nearly a hun- 2. An architect of little note, wrote Praecepla
dred years old, and was buried with great magni- Symnmetriarum. (Vitruv. vii. Praef. ~ 14.) See
ficence, though he had declared it a matter of perfect also DAMOPHILUS. [P. S.]
indifference to him if his body were thrown to the DE'MOPHON or DEMOPHOON (As7uo)c^v
dogs. (Lucian, Demonax; Brucker, Hist. Crit. or Anopo'w0v). 1. The youngest son of Celeus and
Phil. per. ii. pars 1. 2. 6.) [G. E. L. C.] Metaneira, who was entrusted to the care of DeDEMONI'CE (Auoiovcfi?), a daughter of Agenor meter. He grew up under her without any human
and Epicaste, who became by Ares the mother of food, being fed by the goddess with her own milk,
Euenus, Molus, Pylus, and Thestius. (Apollod. i. and ambrosia. During the night she used to place
7. ~ 7.) Hesiod (ap. Schol. ad Iomn. II. xiv. 200) him in fire to secure to him eternal youth; but
calls her Demodoce. [L. S.] once she was observed by Metaneira, who disturbed
DEMONI'CUS (A?7AruKcos), an Athenian co- the goddess by her cries, and the child Demophon
mic poet of the new comedy, of whom one frag- was consumed by the flames. (Apollod. i. 5. ~ 1;
ment is preserved by Athenaeus (ix. p. 410, d.), Ov. Fast. iv. 512, &c.; Hygin. Fab. 147; IHom.
who gives 'AXENhOvios as the title of the play; but Hymn. in Cer. 234.)
perhaps it should rather be 'AXscA,(os. (Meineke, 2. A son of Theseus and Phaedra, and brother
Frag. Corn. (Graec. i. p. 492, iv. p. 570.) [P. S.] of Acamas. (Diod. iv. 62; HIygin. Fab. 48.)
DEMO'PHANES(A loq)cdvzs), of Megalopolis, According to Pindar (ap. Plut. Thes. 28), he was
a Platonic philosopher, and a disciple of Arcesilas. the son of Theseus by Antiope. He accompanied
(Plut. Philopoem. 1.) He and Ecdemus were the the Greeks against Troy (Homer, however, does