A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

DEINARCHUS.
titles and fragments of the orations which are
lost, are collected as far as can be by Fabricius
(Bibl. Gr. ii. p. 864, &c.), and more complete by
Westermann. (Gesch. der griech. Beredtsamk. p.
311, &c.) The ancients, such as Dionysius who
gives an accurate account of the oratory of Deinarchus, and especially Hermogenes (de Form. Orat.
ii. 11), speak in terms of high praise of his orations; but there were others also who thought less
favourably of him; some grammarians would not
even allow him a place in the canon of the ten
Attic orators (Bibl. Coislin, p. 597), and Dionysius mentions, that he was treated with indifference by Callimachus and the grammarians of Pergamus. However, some of the most eminent
grammarians, such as Didymus of Alexandria and
Heron of Athens, did not disdain to write commentaries upon him. (Harpocrat. s. v. paprvuAiov;
Suid. s. v. "Hpwv.) The orations still extant enable us to form an independent opinion upon the
merits of Deinarchus; and we find that Dionysius's
judgment is, on the whole, quite correct. Deinarchus was a man of no originality of mind, and it is
difficult to say whether he had any oratorical talent
or not. His want of genius led him to imitate others,
such as Lysias, Hyperides, and more especially
Demosthenes; but he was unable to come up to
his great model in any point, and was therefore
nicknamed Aip.Iooa-Ocev s 6 dypoucos or d KpiOwvos.
Even Hermogenes, his greatest admirer, does not
deny that his style had a certain roughness, whence
his orations were thought to resemble those of
Aristogeiton. Although it cannot be denied that
Deinarchus is the best among the many imitators
of Demosthenes, he is far inferior to him in power
and energy, in the choice of his expressions, in
invention, clearness, and the arrangement of his
subjects.
The orations of Deinarchus are contained in the
various collections of the Attic orators by Aldus
(1513), Stephanus (1575), Gruter (1619), Reiske,
Ducas, Bekker, and Baiter and Sauppe. The best
separate edition is that of C. E. A. Schmidt (Leipzig,
1826, 8vo.), with a selection of the notes of his
predecessors, and some of his own. There is also
a useful commentary on Deinarchus by C. Wurm,
" Commentarius in Dinarchi Orationes tres," Norimbergae, 1828, 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. ii. p. 862,
&c.; Westermann, Gesch. der griech. Beredisamk.
~ 73.)
2. Of Corinth, a contemporary of the orator,
with whom lie has frequently been confounded.
He was likewise a friend of Phocion, and when
the latter was dragged to Athens for execution,
Deinarchus too was put to death by the command
of Polysperchon. (Plut. Phoc. 33.) As this person
is not mentioned elsewhere, the name Deinarchus
in Plutarch may be a mistake.
3. There were three authors of the name of
Deinarchus, concerning whom we know little beyond what is stated by Demetrius of Magnesia
(Dionys. Deinarch. 1), viz. that one was a poet of
Delos, who lived previous to the time of the
orator, and wrote poems on Bacchic subjects (comp.
Euseb. Chron. Dccxx.; Cyrill. e. Julian. x. p.
341); the second, a Cretan, made a collection of
Cretan legends; and the third wrote a work upon
Homer. Whether any of these is the same as the
one who, according to Nemesius (de Natur. MHom.
4), taught, with Aristoxenus, that the human soul
was nothing but a harmony, is uncertain. [L. S.]

DEINOCRATES. 951
DEFINIAS (Aewivas). 1. One of a club of wits
at Athens (yeAw'rorolro), called " the Sixty," of
which the orator Callimedon also was a member.
The date therefore may be placed about B. c. 325.
(Athen. xiv. p. 614, e.) He is perhaps the same
whom Demosthenes mentions as a skilful orator.
(c. Lept. p. 501.)
2. An author of uncertain date, who wrote an
historical work on Argolis. It is referred to by
the following writers:-Plut. Arat. 29; Schol. ad
Apoll. Rhod. ii. 791, ad Eur. Orest. 859, ad
Soph. Electr. 281, ad Tleocr. xiv. 48, ad Pind. 01.
vii. 49, Istlmn. iv. 104. See also Meineke, Hist.
Orit. Com. Graec. p. 385. It is doubtful whether
this Deinias should be identified with the author
of a work on the history of inventions mentioned
by Athenaeus (xi. p. 471, b.; see Fabric. Bibl.
Graec. vol. ii. p. 150). [E. E.]
DEI'NIAS, is mentioned by Pliny among the
most ancient painters of monochromes. (xxxv. 8.
s. 34.) [P. S.]
DEINO'CHARES. [DEINOCRATES.]
DEINO'CRATES (Aevo0pdcr's ). 1. A Syracusan, was originally a friend of Agathocles, who on
that account spared his life in the massacre at Syracuse by which he established himself in the tyranny,
B. c. 317. Afterwards, however, in B. c. 312, we
find Deinocrates commanding the Syracusan exiles
in the war in which the Carthaginians supported
them against Agathocles. The latter, when he
fled from Africa and returned to Sicily at the end
of B. c. 307, found Deinocrates at the head of so
formidable an army, that he offered to abdicate
the tyranny and restore the exiles, stipulating
only for the possession of two fortresses with the
territory around them. But the ambition of Deinocrates, who preferred his present power to the
condition of a private citizen in Syracuse, led him
to reject the offer. Agathocles, however, defeated
him in a battle, and he then submitted. Hie was
received into favour by the tyrant, who gave him
the command of a portion of his forces, and retained him in his confidence to the end. (Diod.
xix. 8, 104, xx. 77, 79, 89, 90.)
2. A Messenian, went to Rome in B. c. 183, to
justify the revolt of Messene from the Achaeans.
On his arrival, his hopes were raised by finding that
Flamininus, who was a personal friend of his and
an enemy to Philopoemen, the Achaean leader, was
about to pass into Greece on an embassy to Prusias
and Seleucus. Flamininus promised him his services,
and, when he had reached Naupactus, sent to
Philopoemen and the other magistrates, desiring
them to call an assembly of the Achaeans. Philopoemen, however, was aware that Flamininus had
not come with any instructions on the subject from
the senate, and he therefore answered, that he
would comply with his request if he would first
state the points on which he wished to confer with
the assembly. This he did not venture to do, and
the hopes of Deinocrates accordingly fell to the
ground. Shortly after this, Philopoemen was
taken prisoner by the Messenians, and Deinocrates
was prominent among those who caused him to be
put to death. In the ensuing year the authors of
the revolt were obliged to yield to the wishes of
the Messenian people for peace, and Lycortas, the
Achaean general, having been admitted into the
city, commanded the execution of Deinocrates and
the chiefs of his party; but Deinocrates anticipated
the sentence by suicide. His qualifications as a