A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

DAURISES.
Marathon in a. c. 490. (Herod. vi. 94, &c.)
[ARTAPHERNES, No. 2.] When the armament
was on its way to Greece through the Aegean sea,
the Delians fled in alarm from their island to
Tenos; but Datis re-assured them, professing that
his own feelings, as well as the commands of the
king, would lead him to spare and respect the
birthplace of "the two gods." The obvious explanation of this conduct, as arising from a notion of
the correspondence of Apollo and Artemis with
the sun and moon, is rejected by Muller in favour
of a far less probable hypothesis. (Herod. vi. 97;
Miiller, Dor. ii. 5. ~ 6, 6. ~ 10; Thirlwall's Greece,
vol. ii. p. 231; Spanheim, ad Callim. Hlymn. in Del.
255.) The religious reverence of Datis is further
illustrated by the anecdote of his restoring the
statue of Apollo which some Phoenicians in his
army had stolen from Delium in Boeotia. (Herod.
vi. 118; Paus. x. 28; Suid. s.. A ins.) His
two sons, Armamithres and Tithaeus, commanded
the cavalry of Xerxes in his expedition against
Greece. (Herod. vii. 88.) He admired the Greek
language, and tried hard to speak it; failing in
which, he thereby at any rate unwittingly enriched
it with a new word-Aa-noyo's. (Suid. 1. c.;
Arist. Pax, 289; Schol. ad loc.) [E. E.]
DATIS (Ac-rLs) is mentioned by the Ravenna
Scholiast on Aristophanes (Ran. 86) as one of the
four sons of Carcinus the elder [see p. 612],
though other authorities speak only of three. That
there were four is also distinctly stated by the
comic poet Pherecrates. (Ap. Sclol. ad A rist. Vesp.
1509.) By the Scholiast on the Peace (289), Datis
is again mentioned as a tragic poet, and the Scholiast
on the Wasps (1502) tells us that only one, viz.
Xenocles, was a poet, while the other three were
choral dancers. From these considerations, Meineke
has conjectured with much probability that Datis
was only a nickname for Xenocles, expressive of
imputed barbarism of style, 6artlefs. (Meineke,
Hist. Crit. Cosm. Graec. p. 513, &c., where in p.
515, Philocles occurs twice erroneously for Xenocles.) [E. E.]
DAUNUS (AavoS or Aasios). 1. A son of
Lycaon in Arcadia, and brother of lapyx and
Peucetius. These three brothers, in conjunction
with Illyrians and Messapians, landed on the
eastern coast of Italy, expelled the Ausonians,
took possession of the country, and divided it into
three parts, Daunia, Peucetia, and Messapia. The
three tribes together bore the common name lapygians. (Anton. Lib. 31.)
2. A son of Pilumnus and Danaea, was married
to Venilia. He was the father of at least the most
ancient among the ancestors of Turnus. (Virg.
Aen. ix. 4, and Serv. on ix. 148.)
3. A king of Apulia. He had been obliged to
flee from Illyria, his native land, into Apulia, and
gave his name to a portion of his new country.
(Daunia.) He is said to have hospitably received
Diomedes, and to have given him his daughter
Euippe in marriage. (Fest. s. v.; Plin. H. N. iii.
11; comp. DIOMEDES.) [L. S.]
DAU'RISES (Aavpiars), the son-in-law of
Dareius Hystaspis, was one of the Persian conmmanders who were employed in suppressing the
Ionian revolt. (B. c. 499.) After the defeat of the
Ionian army at Ephesus, Daurises marched against
the cities on the Hellespont, and took Dardanus,
Abydus, Percote, Lampsacus, and Paesus, each in
one day. IHe then marched against the Carians,

DECEBALUS. 9.15
who had just joined in the Ionian revolt, and defeated them in two battles; but shortly afterwards
Daurises fell into an ambush, and was killed, with
a great number of the Persians. (Herod. v. 116
-121.) [P. S.]
DAVID, of Nerken, a learned Armenian philosopher and a commentator on Plato and Aristotle,
was a relation of the Armenian historian, Moses of
Chorene, and lived at the end of the fifth and the
beginning of the sixth century after Christ. He
studied at Athens under Syrianus, the preceptor of
Proclus, and was one of those later philosophers
who made it their chief aim to harmonize the
Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy. Of the life
and writings of David much important information
is given by C. Fr. Neumann, Miemoire sur la Vie
et les Ouvrages de David, Paris, 1829; comp. Berlin.
Jaltrb. fiir wissensch. Kritik. 1829, p. 797, &c.
David wrote several philosophical works in the
Armenian and Greek languages, and translated
some of the writings of Aristotle into the Armenian. His commentaries on the Categories of Aristotle and likewise on the Isagoge of Porphyry,
which are still extant, are not without some merit,
and are principally of importance for the information which they contain respecting the history of
literature. (Stahr, Aristotelia, vol. i. pp. 206,
207, ii. pp. 63, 68, 69, 197.) Whether he was
alive when the philosophers were exiled from
Athens by the emperor Justinian, and returned
into Asia in consequence of their expulsion, is uncertain. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. iii. pp. 209, 485, v.
p. 738.) His commentaries were translated into
Arabic and Hebrew, and manuscripts of such
translations are still extant. (Buhle's Aristot. vol.
i. p. 298; Neumann in the Nouveau Journal
Asiatique, vol. i.) There is another commentator
on Aristotle, of the same name, but a different
person, namely, David the Jew. (Jourdain,
Recherclies sur l'Age et l'Origine des Traductions
Latines d'Arist. Paris, 1819, pp. 196, 197.) [A. S.]
DAZA MAXIMINUS. [MAxIMINUS.]
DECATE'PHORUS (AsEanipopos), that is,
the god to whom the tenth part of the booty is
dedicated, was a surname of Apollo at MVegara.
Pausanias (i. 42. ~ 5) remarks, that the statues of
Apollo Pythius and Decatephorus at Megara resembled Egyptian sculptures. [L. S.]
DECE'BALUS (Ae/cLE'ahos), was probably a
title of honour among the Dacians equivalent to
chief or king, since we find that it was borne by
more than one of their rulers (Trebell. Poll. Trig.
Tyrann. c. 10), and that the individual best
known to history as the Decebalus of Dion
Cassius is named Diarpaneus by Orosius, and
Dorphaneus by Jornandes.
This personage was for a long series of years,
under Domitian and Trajan, one of the most enterprising and formidable among the enemies of
Rome. Having displayed great courage in the
field and extraordinary ability in every department of the military art, he was raised to the
throne by the reigning sovereign, Douras, who
abdicated in his favour. The new monarch quickly
crossed the Danube, attacked and drove in the
Roman outposts, defeated and slew Appius Sabinus, governor of Moesia, and, spreading devastation far and wide throughout the province,
gained possession of many important towns and
fortresses. Upon receiving intelligence of therf
calamities, Domitian hastened (A.D. 86) with all
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