A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

DAMO.
DA'MION or DAMON, a physician mentioned
among the foreign authors used by Pliny in his
Natural History, who must therefore have lived in
or before the first century after Christ. (Plin.
II. N. xx. 40, xxiv. 120, Index to book vii.) He
is also quoted by Plinius Valerianus. (De Re Mlled.
iii. 20.) [W. A. G.]
DAMIPPUS (Adcarnros). 1. A Lacedaemonian, who lived at the court of Hieronymus of
Syracuse. When the young and undecided king,
on his accession, was beset on all sides by men who
advised him to give up his connexion with the
Romans and form an alliance with Carthage against
them, Damippus was one of the few in the king's
council who advised him to uphold the alliance
with Rome. A short time afterwards he was sent
by the Syracusans to king Philip of Macedonia,
but was made prisoner by the Roman fleet under
Marcellus. Epicydes was anxious to ransom him,
and as Marcellus himself wanted to form connexions with the Aetolians, the allies of the Lacedaemonians, he restored Damippus to freedom. (Polyb.
vii. 5; Liv. xxv. 23.)
2. A Pythagorean philosopher, to whom some
MSS. attribute the fragment iWepI 7rporvoies Kcal
dyaOfSs rvTXas, which is preserved in Stobaeus, and
is more commonly ascribed to Criton of Aegae.
(Gale, Oomsc. MIythol. p. 698.) [L. S.]
DAMIS (Adaps, Aduts). 1. A Messenian,
who was one of the competitors for the throne of
Messenia on the death of Euphais, when Aristodemus was elected, about B. c. 729. On the
death of Aristodemus (about B. c. 723), Damis
was chosen general with supreme power, but without the title of king. He failed, however, to restore the fallen fortunes of his country, and on his
death, which took place soon after, Messenia submitted to the Lacedaemonians. (Paus. iv. 10, 13.)
2. An Athenian, son of Icesias, was sent by his
countrymen to intercede with the Romans on behalf of the Actolians, B. c. 189, and is said to
have been very instrumental, through his eloquence,
in obtaining peace for the latter. (Polyb. xxii.
14.) He is called Leon by Livy (xxxviii. 10;
cornp. xxxv. 50.)
3. An Epicurean, introduced several times by
Lucian as an irreligious and profligate man. He
appears to be the same who is spoken of (Dial.
Mort. 27) as a wealthy Corinthian, and who is said
to have been poisoned by his own son. Harles
however supposes, that the Damis in question may
have been a fictitious character. (Ad Fabric. Bibl.
Graec. vol. iii. p. 602, and the passages of Lucian
there referred to.)
4. An Assyrian, who lived at Nineveh, where
he became acquainted with Apollonius Tyanaeus
[see p. 242, b.], whom he accompanied in his
travels. Of these he wrote an account, in which
he included also the discourses and prophecies of
his master. This work seems to have been the
basis of the life of Apollonius by Philostratus.
The style of it shewed traces of the author's country and of his education among barbarians. (Suid.
s. v. Adauis; Voss. de Hist. Graece. p. 250, ed.
Westermann, and the authorities there referred
to.) [E. E.]
DAMO (Aaayco), a daughter of Pythagoras and
Theano, who is mentioned by lamblichus (Fit.
Pythqag. c. 28), but chiefly known to us from an
epistle of Lysis, a Pythagorean, to one Hippasus
or Hipparchus, quoted by Diogenes Laertius (viii.

DAMOCRITUS. 935
42). In this we read that Pythagoras entrusted
his writings to the care of Damno, and strictly forbad her to give them to any one. This command
she strictly observed, although she was in extreme
poverty, and received many requests to sell them;
'" for," he adds, " she thought her father's precepts
more precious than gold: and this she did although
a woman." But the genuineness of this last ungallant appendage is denied by Menage. (Historia
Mlzierim Philosophiarum, c. 94.) The above command of Pythagoras was delivered to her in writing, and this document she gave when dying to
her daughter Bistalia. [G. E. L. C.]
DAMO'CHARIS (Aa/Auxapts), a grammarian
of Cos, the disciple of Agathias, lived at the end of
the fifth and the beginning of the sixth centuries
after Christ. He is the author of four epigrams in
the Greek Anthology. In an epigram by Paulus
Silentiarius (81), he is called ypaegLari^crs liepp)
Pdoats. There is another epigramn (dose-r. 359) on
a certain Damocharis who repaired the damage
which Smyrna had suffered from an earthquake.
It is not known whether this is the grammarian,
about whose time, however, many earthquakes are
known to have happened. (Brunck, Anal. iii.
69; Jacobs, Anth. Gracec. iv. 39; xiii. 881;
Fabric. Bzbl. Gracec. iv. 470.) [P. S.]
DAMOCLES (AapsoicXs), a Syracusan, one of
the companions and flatterers of thle elder Dionysius, of whom a well-known anecdote is related by
Cicero. Damocles having extolled the great felicity
of Dionysius on account of his wealth and power,
the tyrant invited him to try what his happiness
really was, and placed him at a magnificent banquet, surrounded by every kind of luxury and enjoyment, in the midst of which Damocles saw a
naked sword suspended over his head by a single
horse-hair-a sight which. quickly dispelled all his
visions of happiness. (Cic. Tusc. v. 21.) The same
story is also alluded to by Horace. (Oarm. iii.
1. 17.) [E. H. B.]
DAMO'CRATES or DEMO'CRATES (AacoKcp&rr]s or A'ipoipd'r'qs), SERVI'LIUS, a Greek
physician at Rome about the beginning or middle
of the first century after Christ, who may perhaps
have received the praenomen " Servilius " from his
having become a client of the Servilia gens. Galen
calls him dpiaoos ia-po'.s (De Ther. ad Pis. c. 12.
vol. xiv. p. 260), and Pliny says (H. N. xxv. 49),
he was " e primis medentium," and relates (H. TV.
xxiv. 28) his cure of Considia, the daughter of
M. Servilius. He wrote several pharmaceutical
works in Greek iambic verse, of which there only
remain the titles and some extracts preserved by
Galen. (De Compos. Medicam. sec. Locos. v. 5,
vii. 2, viii. 10, x. 2, vol. xii. p. 890, vol. xiii. pp.
40, 220, 350; De Compos. Medicami. sec. Gen, i.
19, v. 10, vi. 12, 17, vii. 8, 10, 16, vol. xiii. pp.
455, 821, 915, 940, 988, 996, 1047; De Antid.
i. 15, ii. 2, &c. 15, vol. xiv. pp. 90, 115, &c. 191.)
These have been collected together and published
by C. F. Harles, Bonn, 1833, 4to. Gr. and Lat.,
with notes and prolegomena. It is believed that
only the first part (consisting of thirty-five pages)
has yet appeared, of which there is a review by
Hermann in the Leip. Lit. Zeit. 1834, N. 33.
(C. G. Kuhn, Additami. ad Elaench. Medicor. Vet.
cc J. A. Fabricio in " Bibl. Gr." eahiit./ fascic. v.;
Choulant, candb. dcr BUiicilrkunde fir die A cltere
Medici.) [W. A. G.]
DAMO'CRITUS (Aasicpseros). 1. Of Calydon