A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

934 DAMASUS.
the jurisdiction of the civil magistrate, and rendered amenable to their own courts alone.
The extant works of Damasus are:
I. Seven epistles written between the years
372-384, addressed to the bishops of Illyria, to
Paulinus, to Acholius and other bishops of Macedonia, and to St. Jerome, together with an Epistola
Synodica against Apollinaris and Timotheus.
These refer, for the most part, to the controversies
then agitating the religious world, and are not
without value as materials for ecclesiastical history.
The second, to Paulinus, consists of two parts,
which in some editions are arranged separately, so
as to make the whole number amount to eight. In
addition to the above, which are entire, we have
several fragments of letters, and it is known that
many have perished. See the " Epistolae Pontificom Romanorum," by Constant, Paris, 1721.
II. Upwards of forty short poems in various
measures and styles, religious, descriptive, lyrical,
and panegyrical, including several epitaphs. None
of these, notwithstanding the testimony of St. Jerome (1. c.), dictated probably by partial friendship,
are remarkable for any felicity either in thought
or in expression. The rules of classical prosody
are freely disregarded; we observe a propensity to
indulge in jingling cadences, thus leading the way
to the rhyming versification of the monks, and
here and there some specimens of acrostic dexterity. These pieces were published separately in
several of the early editions of the Christian poets;
by A. M. Merenda, Rom. fol. 1754; and a selection comprising his "Sanctorum Elogia" is included
in the " Opera Veterum Poetarum Latinorum " by
Maittaire, 2 vols. fol. Lond. 1713.
Among the lost works of this author are to be
reckoned several epistles; a tract de Virginitate, in
which prose and poetry were combined; summaries
in hexameter verse of certain books of the Old and
New Testament (Hieron. Epist. ad Eustock. de
Custod. Virgin.), and Acta Martyrum Romanorum
Petri Exorcistae et Marcellini (Eginhart. ap. Suriumn, de probatis sanctt. Histor. vol. iii. p. 561).
Several Decreta; a book entitled Liber de Vitis
Pontificume Romanorum; and all the epistles not
named above are deemed spurious.
The earliest edition of the collected works is
that prepared by Sarrazanius and published by
Ubaldinus under the patronage of cardinal Francesco Barberini, Rom. 4to. 1638. They are contained also in the Bibliothec. Mlax. Patrum. vol. iv.
p. 543, and vol. xxvii. p. 81, and appear in their
most correct form in the Bibliotheca, Patrum of
Galland, vol. vi. p. 321.
(For the life and character of Damasus, see the
testimonies and biographies collected in the edition
of Sarrazanius; Hieron. de Viris. Ill. c. 103, Chronic. p. 186, ad Nepot.; Ambros. adv. Symmach. ii.;
A ugustin. Serm. 49; Suidas, s. v. Acdfaros; Ainm.
Marc. xxvii. 3, a very remarkable passage. The
petition of two presbyters opposed to Damasus is
preserved in the first volume of the works of P.
Sirmond.-Nic. Antonius, Bibliothec. Vet. Hispan.
ii. 6; Bayerus, Damasus et Laurentius HIispanis
asserti et vindicati, Rom. 1756; Gerbert de Cantu
et Music. sacra, i. pp. 44, 60, 91, 242; Fabric. Bibl.
Med. et Infim. Lat. ii. p. 4; Funccius, do Veget.
L. L. Senect. cap. iii. ~ lx., &c.; Tillemont, Mimoires Ecclesiast. vol. viii. p. 386, &c.; Schrick,
Kirchengeschiclte, viii. p. 122, &c.; Surius, de probatis sanctL. Ilist. viii. p. 428.) [W. R.]

DAMIO.DA'MEAS (Aayeas) or DE'MEAS. 1. A statuary of Croton, who made a bronze statue of his
fellow-citizen, Milo, which Milo carried on his
shoulders into the Altis. This fixes the artist's
date at about B.C. 530. (Paus. vi. 14. ~ 2.)
2. Also called Damias, a statuary, born at Cleitor, a city in Arcadia, was the disciple of Polycleitus, and was associated with other artists in
the execution of the great votive offering which
the Lacedaemonians made at Delphi after the victory of Aegospotami. (B. c. 405.) Dameas cast
the statues of Athena, Poseidon, and Lysander.
(Paus. x. 9. ~ 4; Plin. xxxiv. 8. s. 19; Thiersch.
Epochen. p. 276.) [P. S.]
DAMIA. [AUXESIA.]
DAMIA'NUS (Aalt.cors), of Ephesus, a celebrated rhetorician and contemporary of Philostratus, who visited him at Ephesus, and who has
preserved a few particulars respecting his life. In
his youth Damianus was a pupil of Adrianus and
Aelius Aristeides, whom he afterwards followed as
his models. He appears to have taught rhetoric in
his native place, and his reputation as a rhetorician
and sophist was so great, that even when he had
arrived at an advanced age and had given up rhetoric, many persons flocked to Ephesus to have an
opportunity of conversing with him. He belonged
to a very illustrious family, and was possessed of
great wealth, of which he made generous use, for he
not only instructed gratis such young men as were
unable to remunerate him, but he erected or restored
at his own expense several useful and public institutions and buildings. He died at the age of seventy,
and was buried in one of the suburbs of Ephesus.
It is not known whether he ever published any
scientific treatise on rhetoric or any orations or
declamations. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. ii. 23; Suid.
s. v. Aautvavs; Eudocia, p. 130.) [L. S.]
DAMIA'NUS (LaPtavis), a celebrated saint
and martyr, who was a physician by profession
and lived in the third and fourth centuries after
Christ. He is said to have been the brother of
St. Cosmas, with whose name and life his own is
commonly associated, and whose joint history appears to have been as follows. They were born
in Arabia: their father's name is not known,
their mother's was Theodora, and both are said to
have been Christians. After receiving an excellent education, they chose the medical profession,
as being that in which they thought they could
most benefit their fellow men; and accordingly
they constantly practised it gratuitously, thus
earning for themselves the title of 'Avdp-yvpoi, by
which they are constantly distinguished. They
were at last put to death with the most cruel tortures, in company with several other Christians,
during the persecution by Diocletian, A. D. 303 -311. Justinian, in the sixth century, built a
church in their honour at Constantinople, and another in Pamphylia, in consequence of his having
been (as he supposed) cured of a dangerous illness
through their intercession. [CosMsAs.] [W. A.G.]
DAMIA'NUS HELIODO'RUS. [HELIODORUS.]
DA'MIO, a freedman and servant of P. Clodius,
who in B. c. 58 prevented Pompey from leaving
his house and from assisting Cicero. (Ascon. in
Milon. p. 47, ed. Orelli.) It is uncertain whether
he is the same as Vettius Damio, into whose house
Cicero fled from the persecutions of the Clodian
party. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 3.) [L. S.]