A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

930 DAMASCENUS.
Jacobs, Anthol. Graec. ii. 39, xiii. 879, 880;
Fabric. Bibl. Grace. iv. p. 470.) [P. S.]
DAMA'GORAS (Aauayodpas), a Rhodian admiral in the war against Mithridates. After an
engagement with the king's fleet, the Rhodians
missed one trireme, and not knowing whether it
had been taken by the enemy, they sent out Damagoras with six quick-sailing vessels to search
for it. Mithridates attacked him with twenty-five
ships, and Damagoras retreated, till about sunset
the king's fleet withdrew. Damagoras then sailed
forth again, sunk two of the king's ships, and
drove two others upon the coast of Lycia, and in
the night returned to Rhodes. (Appian, Mithrid.
25.) [L. S.]
DA'MALIS (Aa,uaAss), the wife of the Athenian general, Chares. She accompanied her husband, and while he was. stationed with his fleet
near Byzantium, she died. She is said to have
been buried in a neighbouring place, of the name
of Damalis, and to have been honoured with a
monument of the shape of a cow. According to a
mythical tradition, Io on her wandering landed at
Damalis, and the Chalcedonians erected a bronze
cow on the spot. (Symeon Mag. de Constant. Porp.iyr. p. 729, ed. Bonn; comp. Polyb. v. 43.) [L.S.]
DAMARATUS. [DEMARATUS.]
DAMA'RETE. [DEsuMARETE.]
DAMASCE'NUS, JOANNES ('lIWvees Araeeaoe'reds), a voluminous ecclesiastical writer, who
flourished during the first half of the eighth century after Christ, in the reigns of Leo Isauricus
and Constantine VII. He was a native of Damascus, whence he derived his surname, and belonged to a family of high rank. His oratorical
powers procured him the surname of Chrysorrhoas,
but he was also stigmatized by his enemies with
various derogatory nicknames, such as Sarabaita,
Mansur, and Arclas. He devoted himself to the
service of the church, and after having obtained
the dignity of presbyter, he entered the monastery
of St. Saba at Jerusalem, where he spent the remainder of his life, devoting himself to literary
pursuits, especially the study of theology. IHe
seems to have died, at the earliest, about A. D. 756,
and his tomb was shewn near St. Saba down to a
very late period. He is regarded as a saint both
by the Greek and Latin churches; the former celebrates his memory on the 29th of November and
the 4th of December, and the latter on the 6th of
May. His life, which is still extant, was written
by Joannes, patriarch of Jerusalem; but little
confidence can be placed in it, as the facts are
there mixed up with the most incredible stories.
[t is printed in Surius's Lives of the Saints, under
the 6th of May.
All the writers who mention Joannes Damascenus agree in asserting, that he surpassed all his
contemporaries as a philosopher and by the extensive range of his knowledge. This reputation is
sufficiently supported by the great number of his
works which have come down to us, though he
was extremely deficient in critical judgment, which
is most apparent in the stories which he relates in
confirmation of the doctrines he propounds. He
was a strong opponent of those who insisted upon
removing all images from the Christian churches,
and upon abolishing prayers for the dead. We
pass over the several collections of his works,
as well as the separate editions of single treatises,
and only refer our readers to the best edition of

DAMASCENUS.
his works, which was prepared and edited by
Michael le Quien, Paris, 1712, in 2 vols. fol.,
though it is far from containing all the works
that are still extant under his name, and are buried
in MS. in the various libraries of Europe. It contains the following works: 1. Keqd/atn (piAooo(pitd, or the main points of philosophy and dialectics. 2. Iepl alpoeewv, on heresies and their
origin. 3. 'EKOLs depigdsr s r iS Ooidiov 7ri'oTEWS,
an accurate exposition of the orthodox faith,
4. TIpos TroVd S taGc Xouvas 'rdCs dylas diedoos,
a treatise against those who opposed the use of
images in churches. 5. AiL@eG os reppl dpeoo rrpovoý/jaeros, that is, a confession of faith. 6. To/os,
i. e. a work against the Jacobites and Monophysites
or Eutychians. 7. Karc Mav"iXa[wv Btahoyos, a
discourse against the Manicheans. 8. AtidAoyos:apacqsvoD ical Xpiorrtavo, a dialogue between a
Saracen and a Christian. 9. Tept Spaicdurwv,, a
fragment on dragons. 10. HIIEpl dyTis rp'idos, on
the holy trinity. 11. iept rov T rpiroayov /evou,
on the hymn entitled Trisagium. 12. Hfpl 7prv
cdyiwv ur7rrved', on fasts.3.1. Iepw TiV deCTr rjS
irovmpas reCp.S dEawYv, on the eight spirits of wickedness. 14. E'eo-aywy-y ioyp/dTrw oTrotxerl ins,
elementary instruction in the Christian dogmas.
15. nepi vvue0rovu qeVrews, a treatise directed
against the Acephalians. 16. rlepi r-v &, rcr.
Xppiraog, 8Ao sEArtdCwr O al eva Epyeiwd ical Aihorcv
Qrvouctv il8twuaT5d, on the twofold will and action
of Christ, and on the other physical properties.
17. "Eros dud'KptcrarTov icVard bSeo'Tryos alp/erews
"Tru NeT7opmavry, against the heresies of the Nestorians. 18. A number of fragments on various
subjects. 19. Hiaa-Xdaov, or a paschal canon.
"20. A fragment of a letter on the nature of man.
21. A treatise on those who had died in the faith
of Christ, and on the manner in which their souls
may be benefited by masses and alms. 22. A
letter on confession. 23. Aoyos cinroeasTrIcOsc
repi 'rwv dyiy Kal etrwrv elKOs ivwV, an oration on
the veneration due to sacred images. 24. An epistle on the same subject, addressed to Theophilus.
25. nIep riev d'pwe, on the feast of unleavened
bread. 26. An epistle addressed to Zacharias,
bishop of the Doari. 27. An exposition of the
Christian faith: it is only in Latin, and a translation from an Arabic MS. 28. Some poems in
iambics on sacred subjects. 29. An abridgment
of the interpretation of the letters of St. Paul by
Joannes Chrysostomus. 30. 'Iepd a rapdc7X-Aa,
sacred parallels, consisting of passages of Scripture
compared with the doctrines of the early fathers.
31. A number of homilies. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec.
ix. pp. 682-744; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. p. 482, &c.,
ed. London, 1688.) [L. S.]
DAMASCE'NUS, NICOLAI'S (NuchAaos Aapoaaoc-Isyos), a famous Greek polyhistor, who lived
in the time of IIerod the Great and the emperor
Augustus, with both of whom he was connected
by intimate friendship. He was, as his name indicates, a native of Damascus, and the son of Antipater and Stratonice. His parents were distinguished no less for their personal character than
for their wealth, and his father, who was a highly
esteemed orator, was not only invested with the
highest magistracies in his native place, but was
employed on various embassies. Nicolaus and his
brother Ptolemaeus were instructed from their
childhood in everything that was good and useful.
Nicolaus in particular shewed great talents, and