A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CYRUS.
Caesar, who afterwards married the emperor
Augustus. (Spon, quoted by Fabric. 1. c.)
5. Cyrus, St., was a native of Alexandria, where
he practised medicine gratuitously and with great
reputation. Hie was a Christian, and took every
opportunity of endeavouring to convert his patients
from paganism. During the persecution of Diocletian he fled to Arabia, where he was said to
heal diseases not so much by his medicines as by
miraculous powers. He was put to death with
many tortures by the command of the prefect
Syrianus, in company with several other martyrs,
A. D. 300; and his remains were carried to Rome,
and there buried. His memory is celebrated on
the thirty-first of January both by the Romish
and Greek churches. (Acia Sanctor.; Menolog.
Graecor.; Bzovius, "omencl. Sanctor. Professione
Medicor.; C. B. Carpzovius, De -Medicis ab Eccles.
pro Sancsis habilis.) [W. A. G.]
CYRUS, an architect, who lived at Rome at
the time of Cicero, and died on the same day with
Clodius, B. C. 52. (Cic. ad Fam. vii. 14, ad Att.
ii. 3, ad Qu. Fr. ii. 21, pro Milon. 17.) [L. U.]
CYRUS, Christians. 1. An Egyptian, belonging to the fifth century, afterwards bishop
of Smyrna, according to the testimony of Theophanes. His poetical talents procured him the
favour of the empress Eudocia. Under Theodosius the Younger he filled the office of governor of the praetorium, and exarch of the city
of Constantinople. When Eudocia withdrew to
Jerusalem, A. D. 445, he fell under the emperor's
displeasure. This led to his retirement from civil
offices and his joining the clerical order. It is the
express testimony of Theophanes that, by order of
Theodosius, he was made bishop of Smyrna. After
he was elevated to the episcopal dignity, he is
said to have delivered a discourse to the people on
Christmas day, in which he betrayed gross ignorance of divine things. He lived till the time of
the emperor Leo. Suidas says, that on his retirement from civil authority he became Erioi'cosros
"-rcv lepwcv Ev Korvaet(y ris lpvyias; but whether
this means bishop of Cotyaeia in Phrygia is uncertain. It is not known whether he wrote anything. (Cave, Histor.Literar. vol. i.; Suidas, s. v.)
2. An Egyptian bishop belonging to the seventh
century. He was first bishop of Phasis A. D. 620,
and afterwards patriarch of Alexandria, A. D. 630 -640. It was owing to the favour of Heraclius,
the emperor, that he was appointed over the latter
place. In 633 he attempted to make peace between the Theodosians or Severians and the Catholics, and for that purpose held a synod at Alexandria, in which he proposed a Libellus Satisfactionis in nine chapters. This treatise was to be
subscribed by the Theodosians, and then they
were to be admitted into the bosom of the church.
But the seventh chapter favoured the Monotholite
heresy, and led to much disputation. In 638,
Heraclius published an Ecthesis or formula of faith

CYZICUS. 925
drawn up by Sergius, in which he clearly stated
that there was but one will in Christ. This was
subscribed by Cyrus, a circumstance that served to
confirm its truth in the eyes of many. Cyrus died
A. D. 640. Besides the Libellus Satisfactionis, he
wrote three letters to Sergius, patriarch of Constantinople, which are still extant. Both are printed in the Concilia, vol. vi. (Cave, Hlistor. Literar.
vol. i.; Murdock's Mosheim, vol. i.; Guerike's
Handbuch, vol. i.; Gieseler's Text-book, by Cunningham, vol. i.) [S. D.]
CYRUS, THEODORUS PRODROMUS.
[THEODORUS.]
CYTHE'RA, CYTHEREIA, CYTHE'RIAS
(KuvOp'a, KvOIpeia, KvO-ipids), different forms of a
surname of Aphrodite, derived from the town of
Cythera in Crete, or from the island of Cythera,
where the goddess was said to have first landed,
and where she had a celebrated temple. (Hom.
Od. viii. 288; Herod. i. 105; Paus. iii. 23. ~ 1;
Anacr. v. 9; Horat. Carm. i. 4. 5.) [L. S.]
CYTHE'RIS, a celebrated courtezan of the
time of Cicero, Antony, and Gallus. She was
originally the freedwoman and mistress of Volumnius Eutrapelus, and subsequently she became
connected in the same capacity with Antony, and
with Gallus the poet, to whom, however, she did
not remain faithful. Gallus mentioned her in his
poems under the name of Lycoris, by which name
she is spoken of also by the Scholiast Cruquius on
Horace. (Sat. i. 2. 55, 10. 77; comp. Serv. ad
Virg. Eclog. x. 1; Cic. Phil. ii. 24, ad Att. x. 10,
16, ad Fam. ix. 26; Plut. Ant. 9; Plin. H. N.
viii. 16.) [L. S.]
CYTHE'RIUS PHILO'XENUS. [PHILOXENUS.]
CYTHE'RIUS PTOLEMAEUS. [PTOLEMAEUS.]
CYTISSO'RUS (Kvr(f'oewpos), a son of Phrixus
and Chalciope or lophossa. (Apollod. i. 9. ~ 1;
Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1123, 1149.) [L. S.]
CY'ZICUS (Ksimcos), a son of Aeneus and
Aenete, the daughter of Eusorus. (Apollon. Rhod.
i. 948; Val. Flacc. iii. 3.) According to others,
he was himself a son of Eusorus, and others again
make him a son of Apollo by Stilbe. (Hygin. Fab.
16; Conon, Narrat. 41; Schol. ad Apollon. Rliod.
1. c.) He was king of the Doliones at Cyzicus on
the Propontis. In compliance with an oracle he
received the Argonauts kindly, when they landed
in his dominion. When, after their departure,
they were cast back upon the shore by a storm
and landed again at night-time, they were mistaken
by the Doliones for a hostile people, and a struggle
ensued, in which Cyzicus was slain by Heracles or
Jason. On the next morning the mistake was
discovered, and the Argonauts mourned for three
days with the Doliones over the death of their
king, and celebrated funeral games in his honour.
(Apollod. i. 9. ~ 18; Conon, Narrat. 41, who gives
a different account.) [L. S.]