A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

888 CRATIPPUS.
Ant., the first part of which is upon Cratinus
only.)
2. Cratinus the younger, an Athenian comic
poet of the middle comedy, was a contemporary of
Plato the philosopher (Diog. Laert. iii. 28) and of
Corydus (Athen. vi. p. 241, c.), and therefore flourished during the middle of the 4th century B. c.,
and as late as 324 B. c. (Clinton, Fast. Hell. ii.
p. xliii.) Perhaps he even lived down to the time
of Ptolemy Philadelphus (Athen. xi. p. 469, c.,
compared with vi. p. 242, a.), but this is improbable. The following plays are ascribed to him:riLyavres, @lfpaOptav-s, 'OpuJAAi (doubtful), 'T7ro0oAlptLos,, Xelpwv; in addition to which, it is probable that some of the plays which are ascribed to
the elder Cratinus, belong to the younger.
(Meineke, Frag. Conm. Graec. i. pp. 411-414,
iii. pp. 374-379.) [P. S.]
CRATI'NUS, the grammarian. [BASILEIDES,
No. 1.]
CRATI'NUS,a legal professor at Constantinople
and comes sacrarum largitionum, who was charged
by Justinian, in A. D. 530, to compile the Digest
along with Tribonian, the head of the commission,
the professor Theopbilus of Constantinople, Dorotheus and Anatolius, professors at Berytus, and
twelve patroni causarum, of whom Stephanus is
the best known. The commissioners completed
their task in three years. Cratinus does not appear to have been further employed in the other
compilations of Justinian. The commission is recited in the second preface to the Digest (Const.
Tanta, ~ 9), and Cratinus is one of the eight professors to whom the constitutio Osmnem (so called
from its initial word), establishing the new system
of legal education, is addressed. [J. T. G.]
CRATI'NUS, a painter at Athens, whose works
in the Pompeion, the hall containing all things used
in processions, are mentioned by Pliny (H. N.
xxxv. 40. ~~ 33, 43). [L. U.]
CRATIPPUS (Kpci.rnrros). 1. A Greek historian and contemporary of Thucydides, whose
work he completed-ri - rapaAe6i6v-ra r v' aiTrovi
r-vasyanycov yE'ypa(Ev. (Dionys. Jud. de Thucyd.
16.) The expression of Dionysius leads us to
suppose that the work of Cratippus was not only a
continuation of the unfinished history of Thucydides, but that he also gave an account ef everything that was omitted in the work of Thucydides.
The period to which Cratippus appears to have
carried his history, is pointed out by Plutarch (de
Glor. Athen. 1) to have been the time of Conon.
(Comp. Marcellin. Vit. Thucyd. ~ 33; Plut. Vit.
X Orat. p. 834.)
2. A Peripatetic philosopher of Mytilene, who
was a contemporary of Pompey and Cicero. The
latter, who was connected with him by intimate
friendship, entertained a very high opinion of him,
for he declares him to be the most distinguished
among the Peripatetics that he had known (de Of.
iii. 2), and thinks him at least equal to the greatest
men of his school. (De Divin. i. 3.) Cratippus
accompanied Pompey in his flight after the battle
of Pharsalia, and endeavoured to comfort and rouse
him by philosophical arguments. (Plut. Pomp.
75; comp. Aelian, V. H. vii. 21.) Several eminent Romans, such as M. Marcellus and Cicero
himself, received instruction from him, and in B. c.
44 young M. Cicero was his pupil at Athens, and
was tenderly attached to him. (Cic. Brut. 31, ad
Famn. xii. 16, xvi. 21, de Of i. 1, ii. 2, 7.) Young

CREON.

Cicero seems also to have visited Asia in his coinpany. (Ad Fam. xii. 16.) When Caesar was at
the head of the Roman republic, Cicero obtained
from him the Roman franchise for Cratippus, and
also induced the council of the Areiopagus at
Athens to invite the philosopher to remain in that
city as one of her chief ornaments, and to continue
his instructions in philosophy. (Plut. Cic. 24.)
After the murder of Caesar, Brutus, while staying
at Athens, also attended the lectures of Cratippus.
(Plut. Brut. 24.) Notwithstanding the high
opinion which Cicero entertained of the knowledge
and talent of Cratippus, we do not hear that he
wrote on any philosophical subject, and the only
allusions we have to his tenets, refer to his
opinions on divination, on which he seems to have
written a work. Cicero states that Cratippus believed in dreams and supernatural inspiration
(jfiror), but that he rejected all other kinds of
divination. (De Divin. i. 3, 32, 50, 70, 71, ii.
48, 52; Tertull. de Anim. 46.) [L. S.]
CRATOR (Kpa'rwp), a freedman of M. Aurelius Verus, wrote a history of Rome from its foundation to the death of Verus, in which the names
of the consuls and other magistrates were given.
(Theophil. ad Antolyc. iii. extr.)
CRATOS (Kpiros ), the personification of
strength, is described as a son of Uranus and Ge.
(Hes. Theog. 385; Aeschyl. Prom. init.; Apollod.
i. 2. ~ 4.) [L. S.]
CRA'TYLUJS (Kpciarvos), a Greek philosopher,
and an elder contemporary of Plato. He professed
the doctrines of Heracleitus, and made Plato acquainted with them. (Aristot. Metapliys. i. 6;
Appul. de Dogmat. Plat. p. 2, ed. Elm.; Olympiod.
Vit. Plat. p. 79, ed. Fischer.) The time at which
Plato was instructed by Cratylus, is stated by
Diogenes Laertius (iii. 6) to have been after the
death of Socrates; but there are several circumstances which prove that Plato must have been
acquainted with the doctrines of Heracleitus at an
earlier period, and K. F. Hermann has pointed out
that it must have been in his youth that Plato acquired his knowledge of that philosophy. One
among the dialogues of Plato is named after his
master, Cratylus, who is the principal speaker in it,
and maintains the doctrine, that things have received
their names according to certain laws of nature
(pVriTI), and that consequently words correspond to
the things which they designate. Hermogenes, the
Eleatic, who had likewise been a teacher of Plato,
asserts, on the other hand, that nature has nothing
to do with giving things their suitable names, but
that words are applied to certain things by the mere
mutual consent (S-esoi) of men. Some critics are of
opinion, that the Cratylus introduced by Plato in his
dialogue is a different person from the Cratylus who
taught Plato the doctrines of Heracleitus, but the
arguments adduced in support of this opinion do
not seem to be satisfactory. (Stallbaum, de Cratylo
Platonico, p. 18, &c.; K. F. Hermann, System der
Plat. Philos. i. pp. 46, 106, 492, &c.; Lersch,
Sprac/philos. der Alten, i. p. 29, &c.) [L. S.]
CREMU'TIUS CORDUS. [CORnus.]
CREON (Kpieo). 1. A mythical king of Corinth, a son of Lycaethus. (Hygin. Fab. 25, calls
him a son of Menoecus, and thus confounds him
with Creon of Thebes.) His daughter, Glauce,
married Jason, and Medeia, who found herself
forsaken, took vengeance by sending Glance a
garment which destroyed her by fire when she put