A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

872 CRASSUS.
mentioned by Cicero in B.c. 43 (Phil]pp. v. 6.
xiii. 2) as one of the friends of Antony. His original name would therefore have been Pasicles,
and he would have taken the name of his patron
as a matter of course upon manumission. It may
be, however, that the Crassitius mentioned by Cicero is the same as the grammarian.
CRASSUS, M. AQUI'LIUS, was praetor in
B. c. 43, and was sent by the senate into Picenum
to levy troops, in order to resist Octavianus, when
he marched upon the city in this year, in order to
demand the consulship. Crassus was seized in a
slave's dress, and brought to Octavianus, who did
not punish him at the time, but afterwards included his name in the proscription. (Appian, B. C.
iii. 93, 94.) It is thought by some commentators
that we ought to read Acilius instead of Aquilius.
If this conjecture be correct, the Crassus mentioned above would be the same as the Acilius,
who was included in the proscription, and whose
escape is related by Appian. (B. C. iv. 39.)
CRASSUS, CALPU'RNIUS, descended from
the ancient family of the (Licinii?) Crassi, conspired against Nerva; but when his designs were
detected, he received no punishment from the emperor, but was merely removed to Tarentum with
his wife. Crassus was subsequently put to death.
on account of his forming a conspiracy against the
life of Trajan. (Aur. Vict. Epit. 12; Dion Cass.
lxviii. 3, 16.
CRASSUS, L. CANI'DIUS, was with Lepidus
in Gaul, in B. c. 43, when Antony was compelled
to seek refuge there, and was the main instrument in bringing about the union between the
armies of Lepidus and Antony. Three years
later, B. c. 40, he was consul suffectus with L.
Cornelius Balbus, and afterwards he was one of
the legates of Antony, whom he accompanied in
his campaign against the Parthians. In B. c. 38,

CRASSUS.

when Antony returned from that expedition, Canidius Crassus remained in Armenia, and continued the war against those nations with considerable success, for he defeated the Armenians, and
also the kings of the Iberians and Albanians, and
penetrated as far as the Caucasus. In the canpaign which Antony made against the Parthians in
B. c. 36, Crassus was as unfortunate as the other
Roman generals, all of whom suffered great losses,
and were compelled to retreat. In B. c. 32, when
Antony resolved upon the war with Octavian,
Crassus was commissioned to lead the army, which
was stationed in Armenia, to the coast of the Mediterranean. On the outbreak of the war many of
Antony's friends advised him to remove Cleopatra
from the army, but Crassus who was bribed by the
queen, opposed this plan, and she accordingly accompanied her lover to the fatal war. Shortly
afterwards, however, Crassus also advised Antony
to send her back to Egypt, and to fight the decisive
battle on the land and not on the sea. This time
his advice was disregarded. During the battle of Actium, Crassus who had the command of Antony's
land forces, could only act the part of a spectator.
After the unfortunate issue of the seafight, Crassus
and his army still held out for seven days in the
hope that Antony would return; but in the end
Crassus in despair took to flight, and followed his
master to Alexandria, where he informed him of
the issue of the contest and of the fate of his
army. After the fall of Antony Crassus was put
to death by the command of Octavianus. He died
as a coward, although in times of prosperity he had
been in the habit of boasting, that death had no
terrors for him. (Cic. ad Fam. x. 21; Dion
Cass. xlviii. 32, xlix. 24; Plut. Ant. 34, 42, 56,
63, 65, 68, 71, Comparat. Dem. c. Ant. 1;
Vell. Pat. ii. 85, 87; Oros. vi. 19.) [L. S.]
CRASSUS, CLAU'DIUS. [CLAUDIUS, p.767.]

CRASSUS, LICI'NIUS.
STEMMA CRASSORUM.
(A.)
C. Licinius Varus.
I

1. P. Licinius Crassus, Cos. B. c. 171.

2. C. Licinius Crassus, Cos. B. C. 168.
3. C. Licinius Crassus, Tr. P1. B. c. 145. (?)
4. C. Licinius [Crassus]? 5. Licinia, vestal, B. c. 123.

(B.)
6. P. Licinius Crassus Dives, Cos. B. c. 205.
7. P. Licinius Crassus Dives.
s Mucianus, 9. M. Licinius Crassus 10. Licinia, (?) married
B. c. 131. Agelastus. Claudius Asellus.

8. P. Licinius Crassus Dive!
adopted son of No. 7, Cos. i
11. Licinia, married 12. ]
C. Sulpicius Galba. C. Se

I
Licinia, married
ampronius Gracchus.

I!
13. M. Licinius 14. P. Lie. Crassus Dives,
Crassus, Pr. B. c. 107. (a) Cos. B. c. 97; married
Venuleia.
a