A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CONSTANTINUS.
tine escaped to Cyprus, where he seems to have
remained during the rest of his life. He survived
St. Chrysostom, who died in A. D. 407. Constantine edited the Commentary of St. Chrysostom on
the Epistle to the Hebrews, consisting of thirtyfour homilies, arranged by the editor. Among the
Epistles of St. Chrysostom, two, viz. Ep. 221 and
225, are addressed to Constantine, who is perhaps
the author of two other Epistles commonly attributed to St. Chrysostom, viz. Ep. 237 and 238.
(Cave, Hist. Lit. ii. p. 135, ad an. 404.) [W. P.]
CONSTANTFNUS CE'PHALAS (Kwvarav',rOS 6 KEpa.Ah ), was the compiler of the most
important of the Greek Anthologies, the one which
is known by the name of the Palatine Anthology.
His personal history is entirely unknown, but in
all probability his Anthology was composed at the
beginning of the tenth century of our era. An
account of the literary history of the Greek Anthology is given under PLANUDES. [P. S.]
CONSTANTI'NUS, DIACONUS and chartophylax at the metropolitan church of Constantinople,
wrote " Oratio encomiastica in Omnes Sanctos
Martyres," the Greek text of which is extant in
MS., and which is referred to in the Acts of the
second council of Nicaea in " Acta Patrum." He
lived before the eighth century. (Cave, Hist. Lit.
ii. D. p. 10; Fabric. Bibl. Grace. x. p. 288, xi.
p. 270, xii. p. 239.) [W. P.]
CONSTANTINUS HARMENOPULUS.
[IHARMNorULUvs.]
CONSTANTI'NUS, a JURIST, a contemporary
of Justinian. In A. D. 528, he was one of the
commissioners appointed to form the first code.
He was then, and in A. D. 529, when the first code
was confirmed, mentioned by Justinian with several official titles: vir illustris, comes sacrarum
largitionum inter agentes, et magister scrinii libellorum et sacrarum cognitionum." (Const. Haec
qicew necessario, ~ 1, Const. Summa Reipublicae,
~2.)
A person of the same name, who is described as
an advocate at Constantinople, without any of
these official titles, was one of the commissioners
appointed to compile the Digest, A. D. 530 (Const.
Tanta, ~ 9), and was also one of the commissioners
appointed to draw up that new edition of the Code
which now forms part of the Corpus Juris. (Const.
Cordi, ~ 2.)
In the collection of Edicta Praefectorum Praetorio, first published by Zachariae (Anecdota, Lips.
1843) from a Bodleian manuscript, are three edicts
of Constantinus (p. 272). The edicts in this collection belong to the time of Anastasius, Justin,
and Justinian. (A. D. 491-565.) Zachariae thinks
that the author of these three edicts was the Constantinus who was praef. praet. of the East under
Anastasius, as appears from Cod. 8, tit. 48. s. 5,
and Cod. 2, tit. 7. s. 22, and that his full name
was Asper Alypius Constantinus. (p. 260, nn. 19,
20.) [J. T. G.]
CONSTANTINUS LICHUDES or LICUDEX, protovestiarius, became patriarch of Constantinople about A. D. 1058, and died in 1066.
We have two Decreta Synodalia of him, on "Criminal Slaves," and on " Priests being arrested for
Murder," which are contained with a Latin translation in Leunclavius, Jus Graeco- Romanum. (Cave,
Hist. Lit. i. p. 613, ad an. 1058.) [W. P.]
CONSTANTI'NUS MANASSES. [MA.NASSES.]

CONSTANTINUS. 845
CONSTANTI'NUS MELITENIO'TA, archidiaconus, lived about 1276, patronized the union
of the Greek and Latin Churches, died in exile in
Bithynia, and wrote two treatises "De Ecclesiastica
Unione Latinorum et Graecorum," and " De Processione Spiritus Sancti," both, in the Greek text
with a Latin translation, contained in Leo Allatius,
" Graecia Orthodoxa." (Cave, Hist. Lit. i. p. 738;
Fabric. Bibl. Grace. xi. p. 272, 397.) [W. P.]
CONSTANTI'NUS, surnamed NICAEUS from
the place of his abode, by which surname alone he
is usually designated in the Basilica, was a GraecoRoman jurist. (Basil. iii. p. 372.) He was posterior to Garidas, who flourished in the latter half of
the eleventh century of the Christian aera, for in
Basilica, ii. pp. 653, 654, he cites the rXotXio- vof
Garidas He was a commentator upon the Novells
of Justinian (Bas. iii. p. 113), and upon the books
of the Basilica. (Bas. ii. p. 651, iii. p. 240.) Nic.
Comnenus (Praenot. Mystag. p. 371) cites his exposition of the Novells. In Bas. iii. p. 208, he
speaks of Stephanus as his teacher (d tiSdanKahos
Op lci'reoavos); but by this expression he may
have referred to the jurist Stephanus, who was a
contemporary of Justinian, as an English lawyer
might call Coke his master. Reiz, however (ad
Theopli. p. 1245), thinks it more probable, that he
referred to an Antonius Stephanus, judge and magistrate, who is said by Nic. Comnenus (Papadopoli) (Praenot. Mystag. p. 404) to have written
scholia on the Ecloga of Leo; but G. E. Heimbach
(Anecdote, i. p. 221) has in this case clearly exposed the fabrication of Comnenus. In the scholia
of Constantinus Nicaeus appended to the Basilica
are citations of Cyrillus, Stephanus, and Thalelaeus
(iii. p. 141), of Joannes Nomophylus, with whom
he disagrees (ii. p. 549), of the Institutes (iii. p.
616), of the Digest (iii. p. 275, ii. p. 650), of the
Novells of Leo (iii. p. 186), and of the Basilica
(ii. pp. 550, 615, 616, 619, iii. pp. 194, 240).
(Reiz, ad Tleoph. p. 1238; Assemani, Bibl. Jur.
Orient. ii. c. 20, p. 404; Pohl, ad Suares. Notit.
Basil. p. 134, n. (o); Heimbach, de Basil. Orig.
p. 75.) [J. T. G.]
CONSTANTI'NUS RHO'DIUS (Kwvr'av"rTios 6 'Poslos), is the author of three epigrams in
the Greek Anthology (Jacobs, Paralip. e Cod. Vat.
201-203, xiii. pp. 738-740), the first of which
was written, as appears from internal evidence,
during the joint reign of the emperors Leo and
Alexander, that is, between A. D. 906 and 911.
Reiske supposed him to be the same person as
Constantinus Cephalas, who compiled the Palatine
Anthology. [CONSTANTINUS CEPHALAS.] The
poetry of Constantine himself is barbarous in the
last degree. (Jacobs, Anthol. Graec. xiii. pp. 874,
875; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iv. 469.) [P. S.]
CONSTANTI'NUS SI'CULUS (Kwrvearw?Vos:2iceAo-), is the author of an epigram in the
Greek Anthology on the chair (Spovos) from which
he taught, which is followed in the Vatican MS.
by the reply of Theophanes. (Jacobs, Paralip. e
Cod. Vat. 199, 200, xiii. pp. 737, 738.) Since
each poet's name has the title pcapaov added to
it, it would appear that they were both dead before the time when the Palatine Anthology was
compiled, that is, the beginning of the tenth century. From the subject of the above-mentioned
epigram it is inferred, that Constantine was a
rhetorician or philosopher. There is extant in
MS. an anacreontic poem by Constantine, a philo