A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CODRATUS. COELESTINUS. 811
Cardinal Francesco Barberini. This work begins while he was quite young. When he was grown
with an account of the origin of Constantinople up, he applied himself tc the study and practice of
(Byzantium); after this the author treats in dif- medicine, and also took every opportunity of enferent chapters on the size and situation of that deavouring to convert his fellow-citizens to Chriscity; on the province of Adiabene (!); on the tianity. He was put to death, together with
statues, public buildings of Constantinople, and the several other Christians, about the year 258, at the
like subjects, in an extensive chapter; on the command of Jason, the governor of Greece at that
church of St. Sophia; and the work finishes with time; and there is an interesting account of his
a short chronicle from the beginning of the world martyrdom in the Acta Sanctorum, Mart. vol. ii.
down to the conquest of Constantinople by the p. 5. His memory is observed on the 10th of
Turks. If Codinus wrote this latter fact himself, March both by the Roman and Greek Churches.
he died of course after 1453; but the singular (Acta Sanct. 1. c.; Menolog. Graec. vol. iii. p. 11;
digression respecting the province of Adiabene is Bzovius, Nomenclator Sanctorum Professione Mediof itself a sufficient proof that an unknown hand corum; Carpzovius, De Medicis ab Ecclesia pro
has made some additions to it. This work of Sanctis lhabitis.) [W. A. G.]
Codinus is likewise of great interest. The student, CODRUS (Koipos), the son of Melanthus, and
however, who should wish to make himself ac- king of Athens, where he reigned, according to
quainted with that interesting subject, the antiqui- tradition, some time after the conquest of the Peloties of Constantinople, should begin with Petrus ponnesus by the Dorians, about B. c. 1068. Once
Gyllius, " Antiquitates Constantinopolitanae," of when the Dorians invaded Attica from Pelowhich a very good English translation was pub- ponnesus, they were told by an oracle, that they
lished by John Ball, London, 1729, 8vo., to which should be victorious if the life of the Attic king
is added a 1" Description of the City of Constanti- was spared. The Dorians accordingly took the
nople as it stood in the reign of Arcadius and greatest precautions not to kill the king. But
Honorius" (translated from " Notitia Utriusque when Codrus was informed of the oracle, he reImperii"), with the notes of Pancirola. After solved to sacrifice himself, and thus to deliver his
this the student will peruse with profit Du Cange's country. In the disguise of a common man, he
celebrated work, " Constantinopolis Christiana," entered the camp of the enemy. There he began
where he will find numerous observations referring quarrelling with the soldiers, and was slain in the
to Codinus. I struggle. When the Dorians discovered the death
III. A Greek translation of " Missa Seti Gre- of the Attic king, they abstained from further
gorii, papae," first published by Morellus, Paris, hostilities, and returned home. Tradition adds,
1595, 8vo., and also contained in the second that as no one was thought worthy to succeed such
volume of " Bibl. Patrum Max." a high-minded and patriotic king, the kingly dig(Lambecius, Vita Codini, in his edition of Co- nity was abolished, and a responsible archon for
dinus' Antiquities of Constantinople; Fabric. Bibl. life was appointed instead. In our accounts of this
Grac. xii. 57, &c.) [W. P.] transaction there are points which justify the beCODOMANNUS. [DAREIUS III.] lief, that when, after the death of Codrus, quarrels
CODON. Suarez (Notit. Basil. ~ 27) states, arose among his sons about the succession, the
that portions of the Paratitla of Codon, copied from eupatrids availed themselves of the opportunity
a Cretan manuscript, were in the library of Ant. for stripping the chief magistrate of as much of his
Augustinus. Paratitla are additions made by com- power as they could, and that they succeeded in
mentators, explaining difficulties and filling up de- altogether abolishing the kingly dignity, for which
ficiencies in one title of the authorized collections that of a responsible archon was instituted. Medon
of civil law by summaries of parallel passages in accordingly succeeded his father as archon, and his
other titles. (Heimbach, Anecdota, i. p. xviii.) brothers emigrated to Asia Minor, where they
Several books of Paratitla are known still to exist founded several of the Ionian colonies. (Herod. v.
in manuscript in various libraries. (Pohl, ad Sua- 76; Lycurg. c. Leocr. 20; Veil. Pat. i. 2; Justin,
res. Notit. Basil. p. 101, n. 77.) Perhaps Codon is ii. 6, &c.; Paus. iv. 5. ~ 4, vii. 2; Strab. xiv. p.
a fictitious name assumed by some commentator on 633, &c.) [L. S.]
the Code of Justinian, for such names were com- CODRUS, a Roman poet, a contemporary of
mon among the Graeco-Roman jurists. Thus, Virgil, who ridicules him for his vanity. (Eclog.
Enantiophanes is the name given to the author vii. 22, x. 10.) According to Servius, Codrus had
(probably Photius) of a treatise 7sept Evavntowavcj been mentioned also by Valgius in his elegies.
(apparent legal inconsistencies). So the Paratitla Weichert (PoCt. Lat. Relig. p. 407) conjectures,
of Tipucitus are perhaps the work of an author who that this Codrus is the same as the Jarbitas, the
took the name Tipucitus (Tnrotucetros) from explain- imitator of Timagenes, who is ridiculed by Horace
ing what (Ti) the law is, and where it is to be found (Epist. i. 19. 15); whereas Bergk believes, that
(roI- Kce-rat); though Heimbach (Anecdota, i. p. Codrus in Virgil and Valgius is a fictitious name,
220) refers the name to the book, not the author. and is meant for the poet Cornificius. (Classical
Under BAPHIUS We have mentioned a similar con- Museunz, vol. i. p. 278.) Juvenal (i. 1) also speaks
jecture of Suarez; but Heimbach (1. c.) thinks, that of a wretched poet of the name of Codrus (the
Baphius is a mere fabrication of Nic. Comnenus Scholiast calls him Cordus), who wrote a tragedy
Papadopoli, which he was induced to hazard under " Theseus." But it is generally believed, that in
cover of the false reading Bapiou for faeiov in a all the above cases Codrus is altogether a fictitious
passage of the Basilica referring to the lex Fabia. name, and that it is applied by the Roman poets
(Basil. vii. p. 787.) [J. T. G.] to thlose poetasters who annoyed other people by
CODRA'TUS (Ko'paros), an ancient physician, reading their productions to them. [L. S.]
saint, and martyr, who was born at Corinth in the COELESTI'NUS, a Campanian by birth, the
third century after Christ. His parents, who were successor of Pope Bonifacius I., was ordained
Christians and persons of rank and wealth, died bishop of Rome on the 10th of September, A. D,