A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

806 CLUENTIUS. CLUENTIUS.
Schoenium, and of 1po-yrlati. Mention is made of Junius during a period when a strong feeling pre"
a choral song in which he used all the three ancient vailed with regard to the venality of the criminal
modes of music, so that the first strophe was Do- judices, who were at that epoch selected from the
rian, the second Phrygian, and the third Lydian. senate exclusively. Shortly before the trial, a re(Plut. de Mus. 3. p. 1132, c., 5. p. 1133, a., 8. port was spread abroad, and gained general credit,
p. 1134, a. b., 17. p. 1136, f.; Heracl. Pont. p. that bribery had been extensively practised by
140; Paus. x. 7. ~ 3.) [P. S.] those interested in the result. Accordingly, when
CLO'NIUS (KAo'vios). 1. The leader of the a verdict of guilty was pronounced by a very small
Boeotians in the war against Troy, was slain by majority, including several individuals of notoriAgenor. (Hom. II. ii. 495, xv. 340; Diod. iv. ously bad character, when it became known that
67; Hygin. Fab. 97.) one of the concilium had been irregularly intro2. Two companions of Aeneas, the one of whom duced, and had voted against the defendant withwas slain by Turnus, and the other by Messapus. out hearing the evidence, and when, above all, it
(Virg. Aen. ix. 574, x. 749.) There is a fourth was ascertained beyond a doubt that one of the
mythical personage of this name. (Apollod. iii. 12. most infamous of the judices who had condemned
~ 5.) [L. S.] Oppianicus had actually received a large sum of
CLOTHO. [MOIRAE.] money for distribution among his fellows, the beCLUE'NTIA. 1. Sister of the elder A. Cluen- lief became universal that Cluentius had by the
tius Habitus. She was one of the numerous wives foulest practices obtained the conviction of an inof Statius Albius Oppianicus, and, according to the nocent man. Indignation being thus strongly exrepresentation of Cicero, was poisoned by her hus- cited, it was exhibited most unequivocally. No
band (pro Clzent. 10). This Cluentia, in Orelli's opportunity was allowed to pass of inflicting conOnomasticon Tullianunm, seems to be confounded dign punishment on the obnoxious judices. Junius,
with her niece. [No. 2.] the judex quaestionis, a man rising rapidly to emi2. Daughter of the elder A. Cluentius Habitus. nence, was forced by the popular clamour to retire
Soon after her father's death she married her first from public life; Cluentius and many others of
cousin A. Aurius Melinus, from whom she was those concerned were disgraced by the censors, and
soon divorced in order to make way for her own the Judicizem Junianum or Albianum Judicium
mother, Sassia, who had conceived a passion for the became a by-word for a corrupt and unrighteous
husband of her daughter. (Pro Cluent. 5.) [W. R.] judgment, no one being more ready to take advanL. CLUE'NTIUS, called A. Cluentius by Eu- tage of the outcry than Cicero himself, when intropius (v. 3), was one of the generals of the Ita- sisting, at the trial of Verres, on the necessity of
lians in the Social War. He gained a victory obliterating the foul stain which had thus sullied
over Sulla in the neighbourhood of Pompeii, but the reputation of the Roman courts. (In Verr. act.
was soon after defeated with great loss by Sulla, i. 10, 13-61, pro Caecin. 10; Pseudo-Ascon. in
n. c. 89. Thirty thousand of his men are said to Verr. act. i. p. 141; Schol. Gronov. p. 395, ed.
have fallen in their flight towards Nola, and twenty Orelli.)
thousand, among whom was Cluentius himself, be- Eight years after these events, in B. c. 66, Clufore the walls of that town, as the inhabitants entius was himself accused by young Oppianicus,
would admit them by only one gate, for fear lest son of Statius Albius who had died in the interval,
Sulla's troops should rush in with them. (Appian, of three distinct acts of poisoning, two of which, it
B. C. i. 50; Eutrop. 1. c.; comp. Cic. de Div. i. 33; was alleged, had proved successful. The attack
Val. Max. i. 6. ~ 4; Plin. H. N. xxii. 6.) was conducted by T. Accius Pisaurensis; the deA. CLUE'NTIUS HA'BITUS. 1. A native fence was undertaken by Cicero, at that time
of Larinum, highly respected and esteemed not praetor. It is perfectly clear, from the whole teonly in his own municipium but in the whole sur- nor of the remarkable speech delivered upon this
rounding country, on account of his ancient des- occasion, from the small space devoted to the refucent, unblemished reputation, and great moral tation of the above charges, and from the meagre
worth. He married Sassia, and died in B. c. 88, and defective evidence by which they were supleaving one son and one daughter. (Pro Cluent. 5.) ported, that comparatively little importance was
In modern editions of Cicero the cognomen attached to them by the prosecutor, that they were
Avitus uniformly appears instead of Habitzus, hav- merely employed as a plausible pretext for bringing been first introduced, in opposition to all the ing. Cluentius before a Roman court, and that his
best MSS. both of Cicero and Quintilian, by Lam- enemies grounded their hopes of success almost
binus at the suggestion of Cujaccius, who main- entirely upon the prejudice which was known to
tained, that Habitus must in every case be consi- exist in men's minds on account of the Judicium
dered as a corruption of the transcribers, and ap- Jmunianum,-a prejudice which had already proved
pealed for the confirmation of his opinion to the the ruin of many others when arraigned of various
Florentine MS. of the Digest (48. tit. 19. s. 39), offences. Hence it would appear that the chief
where, however, upon examination the reading is object kept in view by Accius in his opening adfound to be Abitus. Accordingly, Orelli, following dress was to refresh the memories of his hearers,
Niebuhr and Classen, has restored the ancient to recall to their recollections all the circumstances
form in his Onomasticon, although not in the text connected with the previous trial, and the punishof the oration. (Rlzeiniscles.Mllssseum for 1827, ments which had been inflicted on the guilty
p. 223.) judices. Consequently, the greater portion of the
2. Son of the foregoing and his wife Sassia, was reply is devoted to the same topics; the principal
also a native of Larinum, born about B. c. 103. aim of Cicero was to undeceive his audience with
(Pro Cluent. 5.) In B. c. 74, being at Rome, he regard to the real state of the facts, to draw a
accused his own step-father, Statius Albius Oppia- vivid picture of the life and crimes of the elder
nicus, of having attempted to procure his death by Oppianicus and Sassia, proving them to be monpoison. The cause was heard before a certain C. sters of guilt, and thus to remove the "inveterata