A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

800 CLEOPATRA.
B. c. 146, she seems to have wished to place on
the throne, but was prevented by the accession of:
Iher brother, Physcon or Evergetes II. (Ptolemy
VII.), to whom the crown and her hand were given.
I!Her son was murdered by Physcon on the day of the
marriage, and she was soon divorced to make way
for her own daughter by her former marriage. On
Physcon's retiring to Cyprus to avoid the hatred
which his tyranny had caused, she solicited the aid
of her son-in-law, Demetrius Nicator, king of
Syria, against his expected attack, offering the
crown of Egypt as an inducement. During the
period of Physcon's voluntary exile, she lost another
son (by her marriage with him), whom Physcon
barbarously murdered for the express purpose of
distressing her, and sent her his mangled limbs, in
Thyestean fashion, on her birth-day. Soon after
this, she was obliged to take refuge with Deme-.
trius, fearing the return of Physcon, who, however,
suspended his hostilities against her, on Alexander,
whom he had employed against his disaffected subjects, setting up a claim to the throne of Egypt.
(Justin. xxxviii. 8, 9, xxxix. 1, 2; Liv. Ep. 59;
Diod. Eel. vol. ii. p. 602, ed. Wess.)
5. A daughter of Ptolemy VI. Philometor by the
last-mentioned Cleopatra, married first Alexander
Balas (B. c. 150), the Syrian usurper (1 Mace. x.
57; comp. Joseph. Ant. xiii. 4. ~~ 1, 5), and on
his death Demetrius Nicator. (1 Mace. xi. 12;
Joseph. Ant. xiii. 4. ~ 7.) During the captivity of
the latter in Parthia, jealous of the connexion which
he there formed with Rhodogune, the Parthian princess, she married A ntiochus VII. Sidetes, his brother,
and also murdered Demetrius on his return (Appian,
Syr. 68; Liv. Ep. 60), though Justin and Josephus
(Ant. xiii. 9. ~ 3) represent her as only refusing
to receive him. She also murdered Seleucus, her
son by Nicator, who on his father's death assumed
the government without her consent. (Appian, Syir.
69; Justin. xxxix. I.) Her other son by Nicator,
Antiochus VIII. Grypus, succeeded to the throne
(n. c. 125) through her influence; but when she
found him unwilling to concede her sufficient
power, she attempted to make away with him by
offering him a cup of poison on his return from
exercise. Having learnt her intention, he begged
her to drink first, and on her refusal produced his
witness, and then repeated his request as the only
way to clear herself. On this she drank and died.
(Justin, xxxix. 2.) She had another son, by
Sidetes, Antiochus IX., surnamed Cyzicenus from
the place of his education. The following coin
represents on the obverse the heads of Cleopatra
and her son Antiochus VIII. Grypus.
I
NM
6. Another daughter of Ptolemy VI.Philometor
and Cleopatra [No. 4], marmied, as we have seen,
her uncle Physcon, and on his death was left heir of
the kingdom in conjunction with whichever of her
sons she chose. She was compelled by her people

CLEOPATR-A.
to choose the elder, Ptolemy V III. Lathyrus, but
she soon prevailed on them to expel him, and make
room for her younger son Alexander, her favourite
(Paus. viii. 7), and even sent an army against Lathyrus to Cyprus, whither he had fled, and put to
death the general who commanded it for allowing
him to escape alive. Terrified at her cruelty,
Alexander also retired, but was recalled by his
mother, who attempted to assassinate him, but was
herself put to death by him ere she could effect
her object, B. c. 89. (Justin. xxxix. 4.)
7. A daughter of Ptolemy Physcon and Cleopatra
[No. 6], married first her brother Ptolemy VIII.
Lathyrus, but was divorced from him by his mothes,
and fled into Syria, where she married Antiochus
IX. Cyzicenus, who was theni in arms against his
brother Grypus, about B. c. 117, and successfully
tampered with the latter's army. A battle took
place, in which Cyzicenus was defeated; and she
then fled to Antioch, which was besieged and
taken by Grypus, and Cleopatra was surrendered
by him to the vengeance of his wife Tryphaena,
her own sister, who had her murdered in a temple
in which she had taken refuge. (Justin. xxxix. 3.)
8. Another daughter of Ptolemy Physcon, married her brother Lathyrus (on her sister [No. 7]
being divorced), and on his exile remained in
Egypt, and then married Antiochus XI. Epiphanes, and on his death Antiochus X. Eusebes.
She was besieged by Tigranes in Syria or Mesopotamia, and either taken and killed by him (Strab.
xvi. p. 749), or, according to Josephus (Ant. xiii.
16. ~ 4), relieved by Lucullus' invasion of Armenia. She was the mother of Antiochus XIII.
Asiaticus. She is more generally called Selene.
9. Daughter of Ptolemy IX. Lathyrus, usually
called Berenice. [BERENICE, No. 4.]
10. Third and eldest surviving daughter of Pto
lemy Auletes, was born towards the end of B. c.
69, and was consequently seventeen at the death of
her father, who in his will appointed her heir of his
kingdom in conjunction with her younger brotlie:,
Ptolemy, whom she was to marry. The personal
charms, for which she was so famed, shewed themselves in early youth, as we are told by Appian (B.
C. v. 8), that she made an impression on the heart
of Antony in her fifteenth year, when he was at
Alexandria with Gabinius. Her joint reign did
not last long, as Ptolemy, or rather Pothinus and
Achillas, his chief advisers, expelled her from
the throne, about B. c. 49. She retreated into
Syria, and there collected an army with which
she designed to force her brother to reinstate her.
But an easier way soon presented itself; for in the
following year Caesar arrived in Egypt in pursuit
of Pompey, and took upon himself to arrange nmatters between Cleopatra and her brother. (Caes.
B. C. iii. 103, 107.) Being informed of Caesar's
amatory disposition, she resolved to avail herself
of it, and, either at his request, according to Plutarch, or of her own accord, clandestinely effected
an entrance into the palace where he was residing,
and by the charms of her person and voice and the
fascination of her manner, obtained such an ascendancy over him, that, in the words of Dion Cassius
(xlii. 35), from being the judge between her and
her brother, he became her advocate. According
to Plutarch, she made her entry into Caesar's
apartment in a bale of cloth, which was brought
by Apollodorus, her attendant, as a present to
Caesar. Howecver this may be, her plan fully