A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

AGATHOCLES. AGATHON. 65
AGA'THOCLES ('Aya0eoscAs). 1. The fa- AGATHODAEMON ('Aya Oolaiwv or AyaeOd
ther of Lysimachus, was a Thessalian Penest, but EOds), the "Good God," a divinity in honour of
obtained the favour of Philip through flattery, and whom the Greeks drank a cup of unmixed wine at
was raised by him to high rank. (Theopompus, the end of every repast. A temple dedicated to
ap. Athen. vi. p. 259, f., &c.; Arrian, Anab. vi. him was situated on the road from Megalopolis to
28. Ind. 18.) Maenalus in Arcadia. Pausanias (viii. 36. ~ 3)
2. The son of Lysimachus by an Odrysian conjectures that the name is a mere epithet of Zeus,
woman, whom Polyaenus (vi. 12) calls Macris. (Comp. Lobeck, ad Phrynich. p. 603.) [L. S.]
Agathocles was sent by his father against the AGATHODAEMON ('Aya0oaeljwvY), a native
Getae, about B. c. 292, but was defeated and taken of Alexandria. All that is known of him is, that
prisoner. He was kindly treated by Dromichaetis, he was the designer of some maps to accompany
the king of the Getae, and sent back to his father Ptolemy's Geography. Copies of these maps are
with presents; but Lysimachus, notwithstanding, found appended to several M-SS. of Ptolemy. One
marched against the Getae, and was taken prisoner of these is at Vienna, another at Venice. At the
himself. He too was also released by Dromichae- end of each of these MSS. is the following notice:
tis, who received in consequence the daughter of 'EIc CT&V KAvilov TroAEqaiLove wypapncclv GSiLysimachus in marriage. According to some au- CAiwv oKc' n)v'r' o2KcoueiYv raaceav 'A-yaOoealcwv
thors it was only Agathocles, and according to 'AAeWavSpetds VTrehrW0a-e (Agath. of Alexandria
others only Lysimachus, who was taken prisoner. delineated the whole inhabited world according to,Diod. Ecxe. xxi. p. 559, ed. Wess.; Paus. i. 9. the eight books on Geography of Cl. Ptolemeaus).
S' 7; Strab. vii. pp. 302, 305; Plut. Denzmetr. c. 39, The Vienna MS. of Ptolemy is one of the most
de ser. numl. vind. p. 555, d.) In B. c. 287, Aga- beautiful extant. The maps attached to it, 27 in
thocles was sent by his father against Demetrius number, comprising 1 general map, 10 maps of
Poliorcetes, who had marched into Asia to de- Europe, 4 of Africa, and 12 of Asia, are coloured,
prive Lysimachus of Lydia and Caria. In this the water being green, the mountains red or dark
expedition he was successful; he defeated Lysi- yellow, and the land white. The climates, paralmachus and drove him out of his father's pro- lels, and the hours of the longest day, are marked
vinces. (Plut. Demetr. c. 46.) Agathocles was on the East margin of the maps, and the meridians
destined to be the successor of Lysimachus, and on the North and South. We have no evidence
iwas popular among his subjects; but his step- as to when Agathodaemon lived, as the only notice
Smother, Arsinoe, prejudiced the mind of his father preserved respecting him is that quoted above.
against him; and after an unsuccessful attempt to There was a grammarian of the same name, to
poison him, Lysimachus cast him into prison, whom some extant letters of Isidore of Pelusium
where he was murdered (B. c. 284) by Ptolemaeus are addressed. Some have thought him to be the
Ceraunus, who was a fugitive at the court of Lysi- Agathodaemon in question. Heeren, however,
machus. His widow Lysandra fled with his chil- considers the delineator of the maps to have been
dren, and Alexander, his brother, to Seleucus in a contemporary of Ptolemy, who (viii. 1, 2) menAsia, who made war upon Lysimachus in conse- tions certain maps or tables (7rivatces), which agree
quience. (Memnon, ap. Phot. Cod. 124, pp. 225, in number and arrangement with those of Aga226, ed. Bekker; Paus. i. 10; Justin, xvii. 1.) thodaemon in the MSS.
AGA'THOCLES ('A-ya0oNcXAs), a Greek histo- Various errors having in the course of time crept
rian, who wrote the history of Cyzicus (7repl into the copies of the maps of Agathodaemon,
Kv[iKcov). He is called by Atbenaeus both a Nicolaus Donis, a Benedictine monk, who flouBabylonian (i. p. 30, a. ix. p. 375, a) and a Cyzi- rished about A. D. 1470, restored and corrected
can. (xiv. p. 649, f.) He may originally have them, substituting Latin for Greek names. His
come from Babylon, and have settled at Cyzicus. maps are appended to the Ebnerian MS. of
The first and third books are referred to by Athe- Ptolemy. They are the same in number and
naeus. (ix. p. 375, f., xii. p. 515, a.) The time at nearly the same in order with those of Agathowhich Agathocles lived is unknown, and his work daemon. (Heeren, Commentatio de Fontibus Geois now lost; but it seems to have been extensively graph. Plolessmaei T7ablareumque iis annexarum;
read in antiquity, as it is referred to by Cicero (de Raidel, Commentatio critico-literaria de 01. Ptolemsaei
Div. i. 24), Pliny (Hist. Nat. Elenchus of books Geographics ejusque codicibuls, p. 7.) [C. P. M.]
iv. v. vi), and other ancient writers. Agathocles A'GATHON ('Aya'Bwc), the. son of the Macealso spoke of the origin of Rome. (Festus, s. v. donian Philotas, and the brother of Parmeniosn
Romain; Solinus, Polyh. 1.) The scholiast on and Asander, was given as a hostage to Antigonus
Apollonius (iv. 761) cites Memoirs (dTroAYs'jqsara) in B. c. 313, by his brother Asander, who was
by an Agathocles, who is usually supposed to be satrap of Caria, but was taken back again by.
the same as the above-mentioned one. (Compare Asander in a few days. (Diod. xix. 75.) Agathlon
Schol. adHes. Theog. 485; Steph.Byz. s.v. Be'le-cos; had a son, named Asander, who is mentioned in a
EIymol. M. s. v. A/e'rc.) Greek inscription. (Buickh, Corp. Inser. 105.)
There are several other writers of the same A'GATHON ('Ayatcihw), an Athenian tragic
name. 1. Agathocles of Atrax, who wrote a work poet, was born about B. c. 447, and sprung from a
on fishing (ai'Aevairca, Suidas, s. v. Kil\iAos). 2. Of rich and respectable family. He was consequently
Chios, who wrote a work on agriculture. (Varro contemporary with Socrates and Alcibiades and
and Colum. de Re Rust. i. 1; Plin. H. N. xxii. 44.) the other distinguished characters of their age,
3. Of Miletus, who wrote a work on rivers. (Plht. with many of whom he was on terms of intimate
de Fluv. p. 1153, c.) 4. Of Samos, who wrote a acquaintance. Amongst these was his friend
work on the constitution of Pessinus. (Plut. Ibid. Euripides. He was remarkable for the handsomep. 1159, a.) ness of his person and his various accomplishments.
AGA'THOCLES, brother of Agathoclen. [AGA- (Plat. P-Potag. p. 156, b.) He gained his first
THOCLEA.] victory at tle Lenaean festival in a. c. 416, whlen