A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CLEOMBROTUS.
way that, if he adheres in this case to his usual
practice of giving the names in chronological order,
this Cleomachus would fall much later than the
time of Gnesippus. His name was given to a
variety of the Ionic a Majore metre. (Hephaestion,
xi. p. 62, ed. Gaisford.) [P. S.]
CLEO'MBROTUS (KIe6{afporose), son of
Anaxandrides, king of Sparta, brother of Dorieus
and Leonidas, and half-brother of Cleomenes.
(Herod. v. 41.) He became regent after the battle
of Thermopylae, B. c. 480, for Pleistarchus, infant
son of Leonidas, and in this capacity was at the
head of the Peloponnesian troops who at the time
of the battle of Salamis were engaged in fortifying
the isthmus. (Herod. viii. 71.) The work was renewed in the following spring, till deserted for the
commencement of the campaign of Plataea. Whether Cleombrotus was this second time engaged in
it cannot be gathered with certainty from'the expression of IHerodotus (ix. 10), " that he died
shortly after leading home his forces from the
Isthmus in consequence of an eclipse of the sun."
Yet the date of that eclipse, Oct. 2nd, seems to
fix his death to the end of B. c. 480 (thus Miller,
Prolegom. p. 409), nor is the language of Herodotus very favourable to Thirlwall's hypothesis,
according to which, with Clinton (F. H. ii. p. 209),
he places it early in 479. (Hist. of Greece, ii. p.
328.) He left two sons,-tlie noted Pausanias,
who succeeded him as regent, and Nicomedes.
(Thuc, i. 107.) [A. HI. C.]
CLEO'M]BROTUS I. (KhXoEdi'poros), the 23rd
king of Sparta, of the Agid line, was the son of
Pausanias. HTe succeeded his brother AGESIPOLIS
I. in the year 380 B. c., and reigned nine years.
After the deliverance of Thebes from the domination of Sparta [PELOPIDAS], Cleombrotus was sent
into Boeotia, at the head of a Lacedaeimonian army,
in the spring of B. c. 378, but he only spent sixteen days in the Theban territory without doing
any injury, and then returned home, leaving Sphodrias as harmost at Thespiae. On his march home
his army suffered severely from a storm. His
conduct excited much disapprobation at Sparta,
and the next two expeditions against Thebes were
entrusted to the other king, AGESILAus II. In
the year 376, on account of the illness of Agesilaus,
the command was restored to Cleombrotus, who
again effected nothing, but returned to Sparta in
consequence of a slight repulse in the passes of
Cithaeron. This created still stronger dissatisfaction: a congress of the allies was held at Sparta,
and it was resolved to prosecute the war by sea.
[CHABRIAS; POLLIS.] In the spring of 374,
Cleombrotus was sent across the Corinthian gulf
into Phocis, which had been invaded by the Thebans, who, however, retreated into Boeotia upon
his approach. He remained in Phocis till the year
371, when, in accordance with the policy by which
Thebes was excluded from the peace between
Athens and Sparta, he was ordered to march into
Boeotia. Having avoided Epaminondas, who was
guarding the pass of Coroneia, he marched down
upon Creusis, which he took, with twelve Theban
triremes which were in the harbour; and he then
advanced to the plains of Leuctra, where he met
the Theban army. He seems to have been desirous
of avoiding a battle, though he was superior to the
enemy in numbers, but his friends reminded him
of the suspicions he had before incurred by his
former slowness to act against the Thebans, and

CLEOMEDES. 791
warned him of the danger of repeating such conduct in the present crisis. In accusing Cleombrotus of rashness in fighting, Cicero (Of'. i. 24) seerims
to have judged by the result. There was certainly
as much hesitation on the other side. In the
battle which ensued [EPAMINONDAs; PELOPIDAS]
he fought most bravely, and fell mortally wounded,
and died shortly after he was carried from the
field. According to Diodorus, his fall decided the
victory of the Thebans. He was succeeded by his
son AGESIPOLIS II. (Xen. Hell. v. 4. ~~ 14-18,
59, vi. 1. ~ 1, c. 4. ~ 15; Plut. Pelop. 13, 20-23,
Ages. 28; Diod. xv. 51-55; Paus. i. 13. ~ 2,
iii. 6. ~ 1, ix. 13. ~~ 2-4; Manso, Sparta, iii. 1.
pp. 124, 133, 138, 158.) [P. S.1
CLEOMBROTUS II., the 30th king of Sparta
of the Agid line, was of the royal race, though not
in the direct male line. He was also the son-inlaw of Leonidas II., in whose place he was made
king bythe party of Agis IV. about 243 B. c. Oin
the return of Leonidas, Cleombrotus was deposed
and banished to Tegea, about 240 B. c. [AGIS IV.]
He was accompanied into exile by his wife Cheilonis, through whose intercession with her father
his life had been spared, and who is mentioned as
a conspicuous example of conjugal affection. He
left two sons, Agesipolis and Cleomenes, of whom
the former became the father and the latter the
guardian of AGESIPOLIS III. (Plut. Agis, 11, 16
-18; Paus. iii. 6; Polyb. iv. 35; Manso, Sparta,
iii. 1, pp. 284, 298.) [P. S.]
CLEO'MBROTUS (KAcsdc@poros), an Academic philosopher of Ambracia, who is said to
have thrown himself down from a high wall, after
reading the Phaedon of Plato; not that he had any
sufferings to escape from, but that he might exchange this life for a better. (Callimach. Epigr.
60, ap. Brunck, Anal. i. p. 474, Jacobs, i. p. 226;
Agath. Schol. Ep. 60. v. 17, ap. Brunck, Anal. iii.
p. 59, Jacobs, iv. p. 29; Lucian, Philop. 1; Cic.
pro Scaur. ii. 4, Tusc. i. 34; Augustin. de Civ.
Dei, i. 22; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 168.) The
disciple of Socrates, whom Plato mentions as as being
in Aegina when Socrates died, may possibly be the
same person. (Phaedon, 2, p. 59, c.) [P. S.]
CLEOME'DES (KAe-o^ydLs), an Athenian, son
of Lycomedes, was one of the commanders of the
expedition against Melos in B. c. 416. He is mentioned also by Xenophon as one of the 30 tyrants
appointed in B. c. 404. (Thuc. v. 84, &c.; Xen.
Hell. ii. 3. ~ 2.) Schneider's conjecture with respect to him (ad Xen. 1. c.) is inadmissible. [E. E.]
CLEOME'DES (KAenoird s), of the island
Astypalaea, an athlete, of whom Pausanias (vi. 9)
and Plutarch (Rom. 28) record the following legend:-In 01. 72 (B. c. 492) he killed Iccus, his
opponent, in a boxing-match, at the Olympic
games, and the judges ('EAA\coS3iccu) decided
that he had been guilty of unfair play, and punished him with the loss of the prize. Stung
to madness by the disgrace, he returned to Astypalaea, and there in his frenzy he shook down the
pillar which supported the roof of a boys' school,
crushing all who were in it beneath thile ruins.
The Astypalaeans preparing to stone him, he fled
for refuge to the temple of Athena, and got into a
chest, which his pursuers, having vainly attempted
to open it, at length broke to pieces; but no
Cleomedes was there. They sent accordingly to
consult the Delphic oracle, and received the following answer: