A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CLEITUS.
31.) He sometimes translates from the works of
Cleitomachus, as for instance from the " De sustinendis Offensionibus," which was in four books.
(Acad. ii. 31.)
Cleitomachus appears to have been well known
to his contemporaries at Rome, for two of his
works were dedicated to illustrious Romans; one
to the poet C. Lucilius, and the other to L. Censorinus, consul in B. c. 149. (Cic. Acad. ii. 32.)
Cleitomachus probably treated of the history of
philosophy in his work on the philosophical sects
(wrepl alpEioewv). (Diog. Laert. ii. 92.)
(Fabric. Bibl. Graec. iii. p. 168; Brucker, Hist.
Phil. i. p. 771; Orelli, Onom. Tull. ii. pp. 159, 160;
Suid. s. v KAsrOrpuaXo.) [A. S.]
CLEITO'MACHUS (KAkTJro'.aXos), a Theban
athlete, whose exploits are recorded by Pausanias
(vi. 15; comp. Suid. s. v. KAerdoua;Xos). He won
the prize at Olympia in the pancratium in 01. 141.
(B. c. 216.) Aelian mentions (V. H. iii. 30) his
great temperance, and the care he took to keep
himself in good condition. [E. E.]
CLEITO'NYMUS (KAecrrivvlos), an historian
of uncertain date. A workl of his on Italy and
another on Sybaris are quoted by Plutarch. (Parall.
MAin. 10, 21.) His Tragica, also quoted by Plutarch (de Fhle. 3), Vossius supposes to have been
a collection of the legends which formed the ordinary subjects of ancient tragedy; but it has been
proposed to substitute OppscLc(Zv for 'rpayIcKCW in
the passage in question. (Voss. de Hist. Gracc. p.
418, ed. Westermann.) [E. E.]
CLEI'TOPHON (KNEvrob&oP), a Rhodian author of uncertain date, to whom we find the following works ascribed: 1. rahamcad, a history of
the Gauls, from which Plutarch (Parallel. Ain. 15)
gives a story, parallel to that of Tarpeia in Livy,
of a woman of Ephesus, who betrayed the town to
Brennus. 2. 'IvsKtca, from the tenth book of which
Plutarch (de Flmv. 25. ~ 3) quotes a medical recipe
for the jaundice. 3. 'Iraxrca'. 4. KrietOs, a work
on the origin of different cities (Plut. de Fluv. 6.
~ 4), from which we obtain one theory on the etymology of Lugdunum. (See Voss. de Hist. Graec.
pp. 418, 419.) [E. E.]
CLEITUS (KAETros). 1. A son of Aegyptus,
murdered by Cleite. (Apollod. ii. 1. ~ 5.)
2. A son of Mantius, carried off by Eos on account of his extraordinary beauty. (Hom. Od. xv.
250; Eustath. ad Honm. p. 1780.)
3. A son of Peisenor of Troy, slain by Teucrus.
(Hom. II. xv. 445, &c.)
4. The beloved friend of Pallene, who fought
with his rival Dryas for the possession of Pallene,
and conquered him by the assistance of the maiden.
Sithon, the father of Pallene, wanted to punish his
daughter, but she was rescued from his hands by
Aphrodite, and after Sithon's death she married
Cleitus, and the country of Pallene derived its name
from her. (Conon, Narrat. 10; Parthen. Erot. 6.)
5. King of the Sithones in Thrace, who gave
his daughter Chrysonoe or Torone in marriage to
Proteus, who had come to Thrace from Egypt.
(Conon, Na-rrat. 32.) [L. S.]
CLEITUS (KAerToy or KAsTro's). 1. Son of
Bardylis, king of Illyria. [See p. 463.] In n. c.
335, having received promise of aid from Glaucias,
king of the Taulantians, he revolted from Alexander the Great. The latter accordingly invaded
his country, and after a campaign, in which the
ad vantag of the Illyrians and their allies lay ean

CLEITUS. 785
tirely in the strong positions they were enabled to
take up among their hills, compelled him to flee
from his dominions and take refuge in those of
Glaucias. Arrian mentions a dreadful sacrifice of
three boys, three girls, and three black rams, offered by the Illyrians before their first battle with
Alexander's troops. (Arr. Anab. i. 5, 6; Plut.
Alex. 11; Diod. xvii. 8.)
2. A Macedonian, surnamed Mekas, son of
Dropides, and brother to Lanice or Hellanice,
nurse of Alexander the Great. He saved Alexander's life at the battle of Granicus, B. c. 334,
cutting off with a blow of his sword the arm of
Spithridates which was raised to slay the king.
At the battle of Arbela, B. c. 331, he commanded,
in the right wing, the body of cavalry called
"Ayepfta (see Polyb. v. 65, xxxi. 3); and when, in
B. c. 330, the guards (eraipoo) were separated into
two divisions, it being considered expedient not to
entrust the sole command to any one man, Hephaestion and Cleitus were appointed to lead respectively the two bodies. In B. c. 328, Artabazus
resigned his satrapy of Bactria, and the king gave
it to Cleitus. On the eve of the day on which he
was to set out to take possession of his government,
Alexander, then at Maracanda in Sogdiana, celebrated a festival in honour of the Dioscuri, though
the day was in fact sacred to Dionysus-a circumstance which afterwards supplied his friends with
a topic of consolation to him in his remorse for the
murder of Cleitus, the soothsayers declaring, that
his frenzy had been caused by the god's wrath at
the neglect of his festival. At the banquet an
angry dispute arose, the particulars of which are
variously reported by different authors. They
agree, however, in stating, that Cleitus became
exasperated at a comparison which was instituted
between Alexander and Philip, much to the disparagement of the latter, and also at supposing
that his own services and those of his contemporaries were depreciated as compared with the exploits
of younger men. Being heated with wine, he
launched forth into language highly insolent to the
king, quoting a passage from Euripides (Androm.
683, &c.) to the effect, that the soldiers win by
their toil the victories of which the general reaps
the glory. Alexander at length, stung to a frenzy
of rage, rushed towards him, but was held back
by his friends, while Cleitus also was forced from
the room. Alexander, being then released, seized
a spear, and sprung to the door; and Cleitus, who
was returning in equal fury to brave his anger,
met him, and fell dead beneath his weapon. (Diod.
xvii. 21, 57; Wess. ad loc.; Plut. Alex. 16, 50-52;
Arr. Anab. i. 15, iii. 11, 27, iv. 8, 9; Curt. iv. 13.
~ 26, viii. 1; Just. xii. 6.)
3. Another of Alexander's officers, surnamed
Aevico's to distinguish him from the above. He is
noted by Athenaeus and Aelian for his pomp and
luxury, and is probably the same who is mentioned
by Justin among the veterans sent home to Macedonia under Craterus in B. c. 324. (Athen. xii.
p. 539, c.; Ael. V. H. ix. 3; Just. xii. 12; Arr.
Anab. vii. 12.)
4. An officer who commanded the Macedonian
fleet for Antipater in the Lamian war, B. c. 323,
and defeated the Athenian admiral, Eetion, in two
battles off the Echinades. In the distribution of
provinces at Triparadeisus, B. c. 321, lihe ob
tained from Antipater the satrapy of Lydia;
and when Antigonus was advancing to dispossess
3E