A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

782 CLEINIAS.
secunda, of the Editio Secunda. [DONATUS.] Of
Cledonius personally we know nothing; but it is
not improbable that he may have been attached to
the Auditorium or University established in the
capitolium of Constantinople, an institution to
which we find an allusion in p. 1866. (Comp.
Godofr. ad Cod. Theodos. 14. tit. 9 vol. v. p. 203,
&c.) The only edition is that contained in the
" Grammaticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui" of
Putschius, 4to., LHanov. 1605, pp. 1859-1939.
(Osann, Beitbrige zur Griechl. und Rinn. Litteraturgesch. vol. ii. p. 314.) [W. R.]
CLEE'MPORUS or CLEA'MPORUS, a physician, who may have lived in the sixth or fifth
century B. c., as Pliny says that a botanical work,
which was commonly attributed to Pythagoras,
was by some persons supposed to have been
written by him. (IH. N. xxiv. 101.) [W. A. G.]
CLEIDE'MUS (KNeil6alos), an ancient Athe.
nian author. Meursius is inclined to believe
(Pezsistr. c. 2), that the name, where it occurs in
Plutarch, Athenaeus, and others, has been substituted, by an error of the copyists, for Cleitodemus,
who is mentioned by Pausanias (x. 15) as the most
ancient writer of Athenian history. We find in
Athenaeus the following works ascribed to Cleidemus:-1. 'E4s-y-TfLdC. (Athen. ix. p. 410, a.)
This is probably the same work which is referred
to by Suidas (s. v. " T-s). Casaubon (ad Athen.
1. c.) and Vossius (de Hist. Graec. p. 418, ed.
Westerniann) think that it was a sort of lexicon;
but it seems rather to have been an antiquarian
treatise, in verse, on religious rites and ceremonies.
(Comp. Ruhnken, ad Tim. s. v. 'EýryqTrai.) 2.
'ArTis (Athen. vi. p. 235, a.), the subject of which
seems to have been the history and antiquities of
Attica. It is probably the work quoted by Plutarch( Thes. 19, 27), who mentions prolixity as the
especial characteristic of the author. 3. DpcTroryovia, also apparently an antiquarian work. (Athen.
xiv. p. 660, a.) 4. NierroT, a passage from the
eighth book of which is referred to by Athenaeus
(xii. p. 609, c.), relating to the first restoration of
Peisistratus and the marriage of Hipparchus with
Phya. (Conp. Herod. i. 60.) We cannot fix the
exact period at which Cleidemus flourished, but it
must have been subsequently to B. c. 479, since
Plutarch refers to his account of the battle of
Plataea. (Plut. Arist. 19.) See further references
in Vossius (1. c.). [E. E.]
CLEFGENES (KAeLy7E'ls). 1. A citizen of
Acanthus, sent as ambassador to Sparta, B.c. 382,
to obtain her assistance for Acanthus and the other
Chalcidian towns against the Olynthians. Xenophon records a speech of his, delivered on this occasion, in which he dwells much on the ambition
of Olynthus and her growing power. His application for aid was successful. (Xen. Iell. v. 2.
~ 11, &c.; Diod. xv. 19, &c.; comp. p. 155, a.)
2. A man who is violently attacked by Aristophanes in a very obscure passage (Ran. 705-71 6),
where he is spoken of as a bath-man, puny in person, dishonest, drunken, and quarrelsome. The
Scholiast says (ad Arist. 1. c.), that he was a rich
man, but of foreign extraction. He seems to have
been a meddler in politics, and a mischievous charlatan of the day. [E. E.]
CLEFNIAS (KAewlvas.) 1. Son of Alcibiades,
who traced his origin from Eurysaces, the son of
the Telamonian Ajax. This Alcibiades was the
contemporary of Cleisthenes [CLEISTHENES,No. 2],

CLEINOMACHUIS.
whom he assisted in expelling the Peisistratidae
from Athens, and along with whom he was subsequently banished. Cleinias married Deinomacha,
the daughter of Megacles, and became by her the
father of the famous Alcibiades. He greatly distinguished himself in the third naval engagement
at Artemisium, B. c. 480, having provided a ship
and manned it with 200 men at his own expense.
He was slain in B. c. 447, at the battle of Coroneia,
in which the Athenians were defeated by thle Boeotian and Euboean exiles. (Herod. viii. 17; Plut.
Ale. 1; Plat. Ale. Prim. p. 112; Thuc. i. 113.)
2. A younger brother of the famous Alcibiades.
Pericles, the guardian of the youths, fearing lest
Alcibiades might corrupt him, sent him away from
his own house and placed him for education with
his brother Ariphron; but the latter sent him back
at the end of six months, finding it impossible to
make anything of him. (Plat. Protag. p. 320.)
In another dialogue (Alc. Prim. p. 118, adfin.;
comp. Schol. ad loo.) he is spoken of as quite a
madman.
3. Son of Axiochus, and the same who is introduced as a very young man by Plato in the
" Euthydemus," was first cousin to No. 3 and to
Alcibiades.
4. The father of Aratus of Sicyon. The Sicyonians committed to him the supreme power in their
state on the deposition, according to Pausanias, of
the tyrants Euthydemus and Timocleidas, the
latter of whom, according to Plutarch, was joined
with Cleinias as his colleague. Soon after this
Abantidas murdered Cleinias and seized the tyranny, B. c. 264. (Paus. ii. 8; Plut. Arat. 2.)
[ABANTIDAS.] [E. E.]
CLEFNIAS (KXAevias), a Pythagorean philosopher, of Tarentum, was a contemporary and friend
of Plato's, as appears from the story (perhaps otherwise worthless) which Diogenes Labrtius (ix. 40)
gives on the authority of Aristoxenus, to the effect
that Plato wished to burn all the writings of Democritus which he could collect, but was prevented
by Amyclas and Cleinias. In his practice, Cleinias was a true Pythagorean. Thus we hear that
he used to assuage his anger by playing on his
harp; and, when Prorus of Cyrene had lost all his
fortune through a political revolution (comp.Thrige,
Res Cyrenetsium, ~ 48), Cleinias, who knew nothing of him except that he was a Pythagorean,
took on himself the risk of a voyage to Cyrene,
and supplied him with money to the full extent of
his loss. (lamblich. Vit. Pytit. 27, 31, 33; Ael.
VI. H. xiv. 23; Perizon. ad loc.; Chamael. Pont.
ap. Athen. xiv. p. 623, f.; Diod. Fragm. lib. x.;
Fabric. Bibl. G'raec. i. pp. 840, 886.) [E. E.]
CLEINIS (KAehtis), the husband of Harpe and
father of Lycius, Ortygius, Harpasus, and Artemicha. He lived in Mesopotamia, near Babylon,
and was beloved by Apollo and Artemis. Having
heard that the Hyperboreans sacrificed asses to
Apollo, he wished to introduce the same custom at
Babylon; but Apollo threatened him, and commanded that only sheep, goats, and heifers should
be sacrificed. Lycius and Harpasus, the sons of
Cleinis, however, persisted in sacrificing asses,
whereupon Apollo infuriated the animals so as to
attack the family of Cleinis. Other divinities,
however, took pity upon the family, and changed
all its members into different birds. (Anton Lib.
20.) [L. S.]
CLEINO'MACHUS (KAsew6taXos), a Megaric