A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

778 CLEANDER.
CLAU'DIUS APOLLINA'RIS. [APOLLINA'RIS.]
CLAU'DIUS A'TTICUS HERO'DES. [ATTICus HERODES.]
CLAU'DIUS CA'PITO. [CAPITO.]
CLAU'DIUS CIVI'LIS. [CIVILIS.]
CLAU'DIUS CLAUDIA'NUS. [CLAUDIANUS.]
CLAU'DIUS DI'DYMUS. [DIDYMUS.]
CLAU'DIUS DRUSUS. [DRusus.]
CLAU'DIUS EUSTHE'NIUS. [EUSTHENIUS.]
CLAU'DIUS FELIX. [FELIX.]
CLAU'DIUS JU'LIUS or JOLAUS, a Greek
writer of unknown date, and probably a freedman
of some Roman, was the author of a work on
Phoenicia (,oevicucid) in three books at least.
(Steph. Byz. s. vv. O"Ac, 'lovbala, Acpos; Etym.
s. v. rdiSetpa.) This appears to be the same Jolus, who wrote a work on the Peloponnesus
(HnAomrovvamatcd, Schol. ad Nicand. Ther. 521);
he spoke in one of his works of the city Lampe in
Crete. (Steph. Byz. s. v. Ad,urn7.)
CLAU'DIUS LABEO. [LABEO.]
CLAU'DIUS MAMERTI'NUS. [MAMERTINUS.]
CLAU'DIUS MAXIMUS. [MAXIMUS.]
CLAU'DIUS POMPEIA'NUS. [POMPEIANUS.]
CLAU'DIUS QUADRIGA'RIUS. [QUADRIGARIUS.]
CLAU'DIUS SACERDOS. [SACERDOS.]
CLAU'DIUS SATURNI'NUS1 [SATURNINUS.]
CLAU'DIUS SEVE'RUS. [SEVERUS.]
CLAU'DIUS TA'CITUS. [TACITUS.]
CLAU'DIUS TRYPHO'NIUS. [TRYPHONIUS.]
CLAUDUS, C. QUINCTIUS, patrician, consul with L. Genucius Clepsina in B.C. 271. (Fasti.)
CLAUSUS, a Sabine leader, who is said to have
assisted Aeneas, and who was regarded as the ancestor of the Claudia gens. (Virg. Aen. vii. 706,
&c.) App. Claudius, before he migrated to Rome,
was called in his own country Attus, or Atta
Clausus. (CLAUDIUs, No. 1.)
CLEAE'NETUS (KAeaiveros). 1. Father of
Cleon, the Athenian demagogue. (Thuc. iii. 36,
iv. 21.) It is doubtful whether he is the same
person as the Cleaenetus who is mentioned by
Aristophanes (Eq. 572), and of whom the Scholiast on the passage speaks as the author of a decree for withholding the r'in1Js &v Upwav e1 from
the generals of the state.
2. A tragic poet, of whom we find nothing
recorded except the interesting fact of his being so
fond of lupines, that he would eat them, husks and
all. (Com. incert. ap. Athen. ii. p. 55, c.; comp.
Casaub. ad loc.) [E. E.]
CLEANDER (KAe'av3pos). 1. Tyrant of Gela,
which had been previously subject to an oligarchy.
He reigned for seven years, and was murdered
B. c. 498, by a man of Gela named Sabyllus. He
was succeeded by his brother Hippocrates, one of
whose sons was also called Cleander. The latter,
together with his brother Eucleides, was deposed
by Gelon when he seized the government for himself in B. c. 491. (Herod. vii. 154, 155; Aristot.
Polit. v. 12, ed. Bekk.; Paus. vi. 9.)
2. An Aeginetan, son of Telesarchus, whose
victory in the pancratium at the Isthmian games

CLEANDER.
is celebrated by Pindar. (Isthm. viii.) The ode
must have been composed very soon after the end
of the Persian war (B. c. 479), and from it we
learn that Cleander had also been victorious at the
'AAhcaOo7a at Megara and the 'AoKXcrsA7&na at Epidaurus. (See Diet. of Ant. on the words.)
3. A Lacedaemonian, was harmost at Byzantium
in B. c. 400, and promised Cheirisophus to meet
the Cyrean Greeks at Calpe with ships to convey
them to Europe. On their reaching that place,
however, they found that Cleander had neither
come nor sent; and when he at length arrived, he
brought only two triremes, and no transports.
Soon after his arrival, a tumult occurred, in which
the traitor Dexippus was rather roughly handled,
and Cleander, instigated by him, threatened to sail
away, to denounce the army as enemies, and to
issue orders that no Greek city should receive
them. [DEXIPPUS.] They succeeded, however, in
pacifying him by extreme submission, and he entered into a connexion of hospitality with Xenophon, and accepted the offer of leading the army
home. But he wished probably to avoid the possibility of any hostile collision with Pharnabazus,
and, the sacrifices being declared to be unfavourable for the projected march, he sailed back to Byzantium, promising to give the Cyreans the best
reception in his power on their arrival there. This
promise he seems to have kept as effectually as the
opposition of the admiral Anaxibius would permit.
He was succeeded in his government by Aristarchus. (Xen. Anab. vi. 2. ~ 13, 4. ~~ 12, 18, vi. 6.
~~ 5-38, vii. 1. ~~ 8, 38, &c., 2. ~ 5, &c.)
4. One of Alexander's officers, son of Polemocrates. Towards the winter of B. c. 334, Alexander, being then in Caria, sent him to the Peloponnesus to collect mercenaries, and with these he
returned and joined the king while he was engaged in the siege of Tyre, B. c. 331. (Arr. Anab.
i. 24, ii. 20; Curt. iii. 1. ~ 1, iv. 3. ~ 11.) In
B. c. 330 he was employed by Polydamas, Alexander's emissary, to kill Parmenion, under whom
he had been left as second in command at Ecbatana. (Arr. Anab. iii. 26; Curt. vii. 2. ~~ 19, 27 -32; Plut. Alex. 49; Diod. xvii. 80; Just. xii. 5.)
On Alexander's arrival in Carmania, B. c. 325,
Cleander joined him there, together with some
other generals from Media and their forces. But
he was accused with the rest of extreme profligacy
and oppression, not unmixed with sacrilege, in his
command, and was put to death by order of Alexander. (Arr. Anab. vi. 27; Diod. xvii. 106; Plut.
Alex. 68; Curt. x. 1. ~~ 1-8; Just. xii. 10.)
5. A collector of proverbs, is quoted by the
Scholiast on Theocritus. (Idyll. v. 21, vn't f LE
o`aev -po'v.) [E. E.]
CLEANDER, a Phrygian slave, brought to
Rome as a porter. He chanced to attract the
attention and gain the favour of Commodus, who
elevated him to the rank of chamberlain, and made
him his chief minister after the death of Perennis.
[PERENNIS.] Being now all-powerful, he openly
offered for sale all offices, civil and military, and
the regular number of magistrates was multiplied
to answer the demand, so that on one occasion
twenty-five consuls were nominated in a single
year (it is believed to have been A. D. 185, or, according to Tillemont, 189), one of whom was
Septimius Severus, afterwards emperor. The vast
sums thus accumulated were however freely spent,
partly in supplying the demands of the emperor