A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CLAUDIUS.
vili, and for violence by Sex. Tettius. (Cic. ad
Fam. viii. 8.)
48. P. CLODIUS, son of P. Clodius and Fulvia,
was a child at the time of his father's death. Milo
"was accused of having attempted to get him into
his power, that he might put him to death. (Ascon. in Milon. p. 36.) His step-father Antonius
spoke of him as a hopeful lad. (Cic. ad Att. xiv.
13, A.) According to Valerius Maximus (iii. 5.
~ 3) his youth was spent in gluttony and debauchery, which occasioned a disease of which he died.
49. CLODIA. [CLAUDIA, No. 12.]
There are several coins of the Claudia gens. A
specimen is given below: it contains on the obverse
the head of Apollo, with a lyre behind, and on the
reverse Diana holding two torches, with the inscription P. CLODIUS M. F., but it is uncertain to
which of the Claudii this refers. [C. P. M.]
Th o
CLAU'DIUS. The following were plebeians,
or freedmen of the patrician Claudia gens.
1. Q. CLAUDIUS, a plebeian, was tribune of the
plebs in B. c. 218, when he brought forward a law
that no senator, or son of a person of senatorial
rank, should possess a ship of the burden of more
than 300 amphorae. (Liv. xxi. 63.) The Q. Claudius Flamen, who was praetor in B. c. 208, and
had Tarentum assigned to him as his province, is
probably the same person. (Liv. xxvii 21, 22,43,
xxviii. 10.)
2. L. CLODIUS, praefectus fabrum to App. Claudius Pulcher, consul B. c. 54. [CLAUDIUS, No. 38.]
(Cic. ad Fam. iii. 4-6, 8.) He was tribune of
the plebs, B. c. 43. (Pseudo-Cic. ad Brut. i. 1;
comp. Cic. ad Att. xv. 13.)
3. APP. CLAUDIUS, C. F., mentioned by Cicero
in a letter to Brutus. (Ad Fam. xi. 22.) Who
he was cannot be determined. He attached himself to the party of Antony, who had restored his
father. Whether this Appius was the same with
either of the two of this name mentioned by Appian (B. C. iv. 44, 51) as among those proscribed
by the triumvirs, is uncertain.
4. SEX. CLODIUS, probably a descendant of a
freedman of the Claudian house, was a man of low
condition, whom P. Clodius took under his patronage. (Cic. pro Cael. 32, pro Dom. 10.) In
B. c. 58 we find him superintending the celebration
of the Compitalian festival. (Cic. in Pison. 4;
Ascon. p. 7, Orell.) He was the leader of the
armed bands which P. Clodius employed. (Ascon.
1. c.) The latter entrusted to him the task of
drawing up the laws which he brought forward in
his tribuneship, and commissioned him to carry
into effect his lex frumentaria. (Cic. pro Dom. 10,
18, 31, 50, de IHar. Resp. 6, pro Sext. 64.) We
find Sextus the accomplice of Publius in all his
acts of violence. (pro Cael. 32.) In 56 he was
impeached by Milo, but was acquitted. (Cic. ad
Q. Fr. ii. 6, pro Cael. 32.) For his proceedings
on the death of P. Clodius Pulcher see No 40;
Cic. pro Mi.. 13, 33; Ascon. pp. 34, 36, 48.
He was impeached by C. Caesennius Philo and

CLAUDIUS. 775
M. Aufidius, and condemned. (Ascon. in Milon.
p. 55.) He remained in exile for eight years, but
was restored in 44 by M. Antonius. (Cic. ad Att.
xiv. 13, A. and B.) Cicero (pro Dom. 10, 31,
pro Cael. 32) charges him with having carried on
a criminal correspondence with Clodia (Quadrantaria).
5. SEX. CLODIUS, a Sicilian rhetorician, under
whom M. Antonius studied oratory, and whom he
rewarded with a present of a large estate in the
Leontine territory. (Cic. ad Ati. iv. 15, Phil. ii.
4, 17, iii. 9; Dion Cass. xlv. 30, xlvi. 8; Suet.
de Clar. Rlet. 5.)
6. P. CLODIUS, M. F. appears on several coins
which bear the image of Caesar and Antonius.
(Eckhel, v. p. 172; Vaillant, Anton. Nos. 14, 15,
Claud. 43-46.) He is probably the same with
the Clodius whom Caesar in B. c. 48 sent into
Macedonia to Metellus Scipio (Caes. B. C. iii.
57), and with the Clodius Bithynicus mentioned
by Appian (B. C. v. 49), who fought on the
side of Antonius in the Perusian war, and was
taken prisoner and put to death in B. c. 40 by
the command of Octavianus.
7. C. CLAUDIUS, probably the descendant of a
freedman of the Claudian house, was one of the
suite of P. Clodius on his last journey to Aricia.
(Cic. pro Mil. 17; Ascon. in Milon. p. 33, Orell.)
8. C. CLAUDIUS, a follower of M. Brutus, who
by the direction of the latter put C. Antonius to
death. [ANTONIUS, No. 13, p. 216.] (Dion Cass.
xlvii. 24; Plut. Anton. 22, Brut. 28.) He was
afterwards sent by Brutus in command of a squadron to Rhodes, and on the death of his patron joined
Cassius of Parma. (Appian, B. C. v. 2.) [C.P.M.]
CLAU'DIUS I., or, with his full name, TIB.
CLAUDIUS DRUSUS NERO GERMANICUS, was the
fourth in the series of Roman emperors, and reigned from A. D. 41 to 54. He was the grandson of
Tib. Claudius Nero and Livia, who afterwards
married Augustus, and the son of Drusus and Antonia. He was born on the first of August, B. c.
10, at Lyons in Gaul, and lost his father in his
infancy. During his early life he was of a sickly
constitution, which, though it improved in later
years, was in all probability the cause of the
weakness of his intellect, for, throughout his life,
he shewed an extraordinary deficiency in judgment, tact, and presence of mind. It was owing
to these circumstances that from his childhood he
was neglected, despised, and intimidated by his
nearest relatives; he was left to the care of his
paedagogues, who often treated him with improper
harshness. His own mother is reported to have
called him a portentum hominis, and to have said,
that there was something wanting in his nature to
make him a man in the proper sense of the word.
This judgment, harsh as it may appear in the
mouth of his mother, is not exaggerated, for in
everything he did, and however good his intentions
were, he failed from the want of judgment and a
proper tact, and made himself ridiculous in the
eyes of others. Notwithstanding this intellectual
deficiency, however, he was a man of great industry and diligence. He was excluded from the society of his family, and confined to slaves and women, whom he was led to make his friends and
confidants by his natural desire of unfolding his
heart. During the long period previous to his accession, as well as afterwards, he devoted the
greater part of his time to' literary pursuits,