A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

770 CLAUDIUS.
took up arms against Saturninus. (Cic. pro Rab. 7.)
In 99 he was curule aedile, and in the games celebrated by him elephants were for the first time
exhibited in the circus, and painting employed in
the scenic decorations. (Plin. H. N. viii.7?, xxxv. 7;
Val. Max. ii. 4. ~ 6.) In 85 he was praetor in
Sicily, and, by direction of the senate, gave laws to
the Halesini respecting the appointment of their
senate. (Cic. Verr. ii. 49.) The Mamertini made
him their patronus. (Verr. iv. 3.) He was consul
in 92. (Fasti Cap.) Cicero (Brut. 45) speaks of
him as a man possessed of great power and some
ability as an orator.
33. APP. CLAUDIUS PULCHER, the brother,
possibly of No. 32, was military tribune in B. c.
87. He was appointed to guard the Janiculum
when the city was threatened by Marius and
Cinna, but opened a gate to Marius, to whom he
was under obligations. (Appian, B. 0. i. 68.) It
appears, however, that he managed to keep his
credit with his own party; for it is probably this
Claudius who was interrex in 77, and with Q.
Lutatius Catulus had to defend Rome against M.
Aemilius Lepidus. (Sall. Fragm. lib. 1.)
34. APP. CLAUDIUS PULCHER, son of No. 28,
was made consul in B. c. 79, though he had been
an unsuccessful candidate for the curule aedileship.
(Cic. pro Plane. 21; Appian, B. C. i. 103.) He
was afterwards governor of Macedonia, and engaged in contests with the neighbouring barbarians. He died in his province, before 76, when
he was succeeded by C. Scribonius Curio. (Liv.
Epit. 91; Flor. iii. 4; Oros. v. 23.)
35. APP. CLAUDIUS PULCHER, apparently the
son of No. 29. (Orelli, Inscript. No. 578.) When
curule aedile he celebrated the Megalesian games.
(Cic. de Harusp. Resp. 12.) In B. c. 89 he was
made praetor (Cic. pro Arch. 5), and afterwards
filled the office of propraetor. In B. c. 87 Cinna
gained a victory over his army. (Liv. Epit. 79.)
Claudius was impeached by one of the tribunes,
and, not appearing, was deposed from his command
and banished. Next year, L. Marcius Philippus,
his nephew, who was censor, omitted his name in
the list of senators. (Cic. pro Dom. 31, 32.) He
appears in 82 to have marched with Sulla against
Rome, and met his death near the city. (Plut.
Sulla, 29.) He married Caecilia, and left three
sons and three daughters, but no property. (Varro,
R. R. iii. 16,)
36. C. CLAUDIUS PULCHER, son of No. 29,
when curule aedile excluded slaves from the Megalesian games which he celebrated. (Cic. de Hlar.
Resp. 12.) In B. c. 73 he was praetor (Plut.
Crass. 9), and commanded an army against Spartacus, by whom he was defeated at mount Vesuvius. (Liv. Epit. 95; Oros. v. 24.)
37. CLAUDIA. [CLAUDIA, No. 6.]
38. APP. CLAUDIUS PULCHER, eldest son of
No. 35 (Varr. R. R. iii. 16), appears in B. c. 75 as
the prosecutor of Terentius Varro. (Ascon. ad Cic.
Div. in Caecil. p. 109, Orell.) In 70 he served in
Asia under his brother-in-law, Lucullus, and was
sent to Tigranes to demand the surrender of Mithridates. (Plut. Lucull. 19, 21.) In 61 he was
in Greece, collecting statues and paintings to adorn
the games which he contemplated giving as aedile.
(Cic. pro Doam. 43; Schol. Bob. in orat. in
Clod. et Cur. p. 338, Orell.) Through the favour
and influence of the consul L. Piso, however, he
yas made praetor without first filling the office of

CLAUDIUS.
aedile. (Cic. 1. c.) As praetor (B. c. 57) he pre*
sided in trials for extortion, and Cicero expresses
anxiety on behalf of his brother Quintus, who had
been propraetor in Asia. (Ad Att. iii. 17.) Though
Appius did not openly and in person oppose Cicero's recall (Cic. ad Fam. iii. 10. ~ 8; comp. pro
Dom. 33), he tacitly sanctioned and abetted the
proceedings of his brother Publius. He placed at
his disposal the gladiators whom he had hired, and
alone of the praetors did nothing on behalf of
Cicero; and, after the return of the latter, shewed
more decidedly which side he took. (Cic. pro Sext.
36, 39-41, in Pison. 15, pro Mil. 15, post. Red.
in Sen. 9, ad Att. iv. 1-3; Schol. Bob. p.
307, Orell.; Dion Cass. xxxix. 6, 7.) Next year
he was propraetor in Sardinia, and in April paid
a visit to Caesar at Luca. (Plut. Caes. 21; Cic.
ad Q. F. ii. 6, 15.) In B. c. 54 he was chosen
consul with L. Domitius Ahenobarbus. (Caes.
B. G. v. 1; Dion Cass. xxxix. 60, xl. 1.) Through
the intervention of Pompey, a reconciliation was
brought about between him and Cicero, though
his attentions to the latter appear, in part at least,
to have been prompted by avarice. (Cic. ad. Q. F.
ii. 12, ad Fam. i. 9, iii. 10.) When Gabinius
returned from his province, Appius appeared as his
accuser, in hopes that his silence might be bought,
though previously he had said he would do all that
lay in his power to prevent the threatened prosecution. (Cic. ad Q. Fr. ii. 12, 13, iii. 2; Dion Cass.
xxxix. 60.) Similar motives appear to have induced him to support C. Pomptinus in his claim
for a triumph. (Cic. ad Att. iv. 16, ad Q. F. iii. 4.)
A still more glaring instance of his dishonesty and
venality was the compact which he and his colleague entered into with Cn. Domitius Calvinus
and C. Memmius, two of the candidates for the
consulship, by which the two latter bound themselves in the sum of 4,000,000 sesterces a-piece,
in case they should be appointed consuls, to bring
forward false witnesses to prove that laws had
been passed assigning to Appius and his colleague
the command of an army, and settling in other
respects the administration of the provinces to
which they were to go as proconsuls. The whole
affair, however, was exposed, and the comitia were
not held in that year. (Cic. adAtt. iv. 18, 15, 16,
ad Q. Fr. iii. 1. cap. 5.) Appius, however, asserted
his right to command an army, even without a lex
curiata. (Ad Fam. i. 9. ~ 25, adAtt. iv. 16. ~ 12.)
He reached his province in July, B. c. 53, and governed it for two years. His rule appears to have been
most tyrannous and rapacious. (Cic. ad Art. vi. 1,
2. ~ 8, ad Famc. xv. 4, comp. iii. 8. ~ 5-8.) He made
war upon the mountaineers of Amanus, and some
successes over them gave him a pretext for claiming a triumph. (Cic. ad Fam. iii. 1, 2; Eckhel,
iv. p. 360.) Cicero wrote to him, while in his
province, in terms of the greatest cordiality (ad
Fam. iii. 1); but when he was appointed his successor in 51, Appius did not conceal his displeasure. He avoided meeting him, and shewed him
other marks of disrespect. His displeasure was
increased by Cicero's countermanding some of his
directions and regulations. (AdFam. iii. 2-6, 7,
8.) Appius on his return demanded a triumph,
but was compelled to withdraw his claim by an
impeachment instituted against him by Dolabella.
(Ad Fam. iii. 9, viii. 6, iii. 11.) As witnesses
were required from his old province, he found himself again obliged to pay court to Cicero. (AdPFam,