A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CHRYSANTAS.
Aquileia, flourished at the close of the fourth century and the commencement of the fifth. The
circumstance of his baptizing Rufinus, about A. D.
370, shews, that he properly belongs to the former. The year and place of his birth are alike
unknown. It is supposed, that he was a Roman;
but nothing certain can be ascertained respecting
his native place. Though he condemned the writings of Origen, his friendship for Rufinus continued
unabated. Rufinus also dedicated to him some of
his works, especially his Latin translation of Eusebius's ecclesiastical history. That Jerome had a
great esteem for him may be inferred from the fact
that he inscribed to him his commentaries on the
prophet Habakkuk and some other writings. He
urged Jerome to translate the Hebrew Scriptures
into Latin. Being afterwards displeased with this
father, he advised him in a letter to cease attacking
Rufinus, and thus to put an end to the quarrel
subsisting between those who had formerly been
friends. He was a strenuous defender of Chrysostom's cause in the West, for which he received
the thanks of the latter. (Chrysostom, Epist. 155,
vol. iii. p. 689, ed. Benedict.) Chromatius is supposed to have died about 410. Jerome styles
him, most learned and holy; but he seems to have
been a man of judgment and determination rather
than of great abilities. When Anastasius, the
Roman pontiff, condemned both Origen and Rufinus, and signified his decision to Chromatius, the
bishop of Aquileia was so far from coinciding with
the pontifical decree, that he received Rufinus into
the communion of the church.
Of his works there are extant Homilies and
some Tracts on the beatitudes, on the remainder
of Matthew's Gospel, chap. v., part of chap. vi.,
and on Matth. iii. 14. A few epistles also remain.
The best edition of these pieces is that in the
Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. v., Lugd. 1677. They
had been previously published at Basel, 1528; at
Louvain, 1646; and at Basel, 1551. The epistle
to Jerome respecting Rufinus, and one addressed
to the emperor Honorius in defence of Chrysostom,
have been lost. Among Jerome's works there is
an epistle concerning the nativity of the blessed
Mary addressed to Jerome under the names of
Chromatius and Heliodorus, and another bearing
the same names directed to the same father. Both
are spurious. Several epistles addressed to Chromatius by Jerome are extant among the voluminous
works of the latter. (Cave, Historia Literaria;
Le Long, Bib. Sac. p. 675; Lardner's Works, vol.
iv., Lond. 1827, 8vo.) [S. D.]
CHRYSANTAS (Xpvao-a'ras), a Persian peer
(dUdroTs/o), is said by Xenophon to have been a
man of superior powers of mind, but of diminutive
bodily stature. (Cyrop. ii. 3. ~ 5.) He is represented throughout the Cyropaedeia as deservedly
high in the favour of Cyrus, to whom he proved
himself most useful, not only by his gallantry and
promptitude in the field, but also by his wisdom in
the council, and the zeal with which he forwarded
the political plans of the prince. In the distribution of provinces after the conquest of Babylon, his
services were rewarded, according to Xenophon
(comp. Herod. i. 153), with the satrapy of Lydia
and lonia. (Xen. Cyrop. ii. 2. ~ 17, &c., 3. ~~ 5
-7, 4. ~ 22, &c., iii. 1. ~ 1-6, 3. ~ 48, &c.,
iv. 1. ~~ 3, 4, 3. 15-23, v..3. ~ 6, vi. 2. ~
21, 22, vii. 1.: 3, 5. ~ 55, 56, viii. I. ~ 1, &c.,
4. e 9, &c., 6. $ 7.) [E. E.]

CHRYSES. 699
CHRYSAOR (Xpvoiawp). 1. A son of Poseidon and Medusa, and consequently a brother of
Pegasus. When Perseus cut off the head of Medusa, Chrysaor and Pegasus sprang forth from it.
Chrysaor became by Callirrhoe the father of the
three-headed Geryones and Echidna. (Hesiod,
Thleoy. 280, &c.; Hygin. Fab. Praef. and 151.)
2. The god with the golden sword or arms. In
this sense it is used as a surname or attribute of
several divinities, such as Apollo (Hom. II. xv.
256), Artemis (Herod. viii. 77), and Demeter.
(Hom. HPymn. in Cer. 4.) We find Chrysaoreus
as a surname of Zeus with the same meaning, under which he had a temple in Caria, which was a
national sanctuary, and the place of meeting for
the national assembly of the Carians. (Strab. xiv.
p. 660; comp. Paus. v. 21. ~ 5; Steph. Byz. s. v.
Xpvooaopis.) [L. S.]
CHRYSE'IS (Xpveoosj). [ASTYNOME.] Another mythical personage of this name occurs in
Apollodorus (ii. 7. ~ 8). [L. S.]
CHRYSERMIJS (Xp'i-epfsos), a Corinthian,
whom we find mentioned as the author of the following works:-1. A history of India, extending
to at least 80 books. 2. A history of Persia. 3.
A history of the Peloponnesus. 4. A treatise on
rivers. (Plut. De Fluv. 1, 18, 20, Parall. Min.
10; Stob. Floril. xxxix. 31, C. 11; Phot. Bibl.
167.) The period at which he flourished is not
known. [E. E.]
CHRYSERMUS (Xpvoeppeos), an ancient physician, who lived probably at the end of the
second or the beginning of the first century B. c.,
as he was one of the tutors of Heracleides of Erythrae (Gal. De DPi/r. Puls. iv. 10, vol. viii. p.
743), perhaps also of Apollonius Mus, who was a
fellow-pupil of Heracleides. (Strab. xiv. 1, p. 182,
ed. Tauchn.) His definition of the pulse has been
preserved by Galen (1. c. p. 741), as also one of
his medical formulae (De Compos. Medicam. sec.
Loc. ix. 2, vol. xiii. p. 243), and an anecdote of
him is mentioned by Sextus Empiricus (Pyrrhon.
Hypotyp. i. 14. ~ 84), and copied into Cramer's
Anecd. Graec. vol. iii. p. 412, where for 'EpVscreplos
we should read Xpv'ceppos. He is also mentioned
by Pliny. (I-. N. xxii. 32.) [W. A. G.]
CHRYSES (Xpvro-s). 1. A son of Ardys and
a priest of Apollo at Chryse. He was the father
of Astynome (Chryseis), and when he came to the
camp of the Greeks, offering a rich ransom for the
liberation of his daughter, he was treated by Agamemnon with harsh words. Chryses then prayed
to Apollo for vengeance, and the god sent a plague
into the camp of the Greeks, which did not cease
raging until Calchas explained the cause of it, and
Odysseus took Chryseis back to her father. (Homn.
II. i. 10, &c.)
2. A son of Agamemnon or Apollo by Astynome.
When Agamemnon restored Astynome to her father, she was with child, and, on giving birth to a
boy, she declared him to be a son of Apollo, and
called him Chryses. Subsequently, when Orestes
and Iphigeneia fled to Chryses on their escape from
Tauris, and the latter recognized in the fugitives
his brother and sister, he assisted them in killing
king Thoas. (Hygin. Fsb. 120, &c.)
3. A son of Minos and the nymph Pareia. He
lived with his three brothers in the island of Paros,
and having murdered two of the companions of
Heracles, they were all put to death by tLe latter.
(Apollod. ii. 5. ~ 9, iii. 1. ~ 2.)