A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

694 CHIOMARA.
white marble, a quarry of which was discovered,
at a distance of only eight miles from the temple,
by a shepherd named Pixodarus. Thirty-six of the
columns were sculptured (perhaps Caryatides within
the cella), one of them by the great sculptor Scopas.
(Plin. xxxvi. 14. s. 21: but many critics think
the reading doubtful.) They were of the Ionic
order of architecture, which was now first invented.
(Plin. xxxvi. 23. s. 56, and especially Vitruv. iv. 1.
~~ 7, 8.) Of the blocks of marble which composed
the architrave some were as much as 30 feet long.
In order to convey these and the columns to their
places, Chersiphron and Metagenes invented some
ingenious mechanical contrivances. (Vitruv. x. 6,
7, or x. 2. ~~ 11, 12, ed. Schneider; Plin. xxxvi.
14. s. 21.) The temple was reckoned one of
the seven wonders of the world, and is celebrated
in several epigrams in the Greek Anthology, especially in two by Antipater of Sidon (ii. pp. 16, 20,
Brunck and Jacobs).
From this account it is manifest that Chersiphron and Metagenes were among the most distinguished of ancient architects, both as artists and
mechanicians.
(Plin. H. N. vii. 25. s. 38, xvi. 37. s. 79,
xxxvi. 14. s. 21; Vitruv. iii. 2. ~ 7, vii. Praef.
- 16; Strab. xiv. pp. 640, 641; Liv. i. 45; Diog.
Lairt. ii. 9; Philo Byzant. de VII Orb. Mirac.
p. 18; Hirt, Tenmpel der Diana von Ephesus, Berl.
1807, Gesckichle der Baukunst, i. pp. 232-4, 254,
with a restoration of the temple, plate viii.;
Rasche, Lex. Univ. Rei Num. s. v. EpJhesia, Ep/hesus; Eckhel, Doct. Nunm. Vet. ii. 512.) [P. S.]
CHI'LIUS, a Greek poet, a friend of Cicero,
who mentions him along with Archias, appears,
among other things, to have written epigrams.
(Cic. ad Att. i. 9, 12, 16.)
CHILO or CILO. [CILo.]
CHIMAERA (Xtiacpa), a fire-breathing monster, which, according to the Homeric poems, was
of divine origin. She was brought up by Amisodarus, king of Caria, and afterwards made great
havoc in all the country around and among men.
The fore part of her body was that of a lion, and
the hind part that of a dragon, while the middle
was that of a goat. (Hom. II. vi. 180, xvi. 328;
comp. Ov. Met. ix. 646.) According to Hesiod
(T/eog. 319, &c.), she was a daughter of Typhaon
and Echidna, and had three heads, one of each of
the three animals before mentioned, whence she is
called 7rpuKEcaAOS or Trp1o0utaeros. (Eustath. ad
11Hom. p. 634; Eurip. Ion, 203, &c.; Apollod. i. 9.
~ 3, ii. 3. ~ 1.) She was killed by Bellerophon, and
Virgil (Aen. vi. 288) places her together with other
monsters at the entrance of Orcus. The origin of
the notion of this fire-breathing monster must probably be sought for in the volcano of the name of
Chimaera near Phaselis, in Lycia (Plin. H. N. ii.
106, v. 27; Mela. i. 15), or in the volcanic valley
near the Cragus (Strab. xiv. p. 665, &c.), which is
described as the scene of the events connected with
the Chimaera. In the works of art recently discovered in Lycia, we find several representations
of the Chimaera in the simple form of a species
of lion still occurring in that country. [L. S.]
CHI'MARUS, a statuary in the reign of Tiberius, who made a statue and shrine of Germanicus,
probably in bronze, on a marble base. (Inscr. ap.
Donati, Suppl. Inscr. ad Nov. Thes. Murat. ii. p.
210.) [P. S.]
CHIOMA'RA (Xtoedpa), wife of Ortiagon,

CHIONE.
king of Galatia, was taken prisoner by the Romans
when Cn. Manlius Vulso invaded Galatia, B. c. 189,
and was violated by the centurion into whose hands
she fell. She agreed, however, to pay him a large
sum for her ransom; and when he had delivered
her up to a body of her countrymen who met them
at an appointed place for the purpose, she caused
him to be put to death, and carried back his head
to her husband. (Polyb. xxii. 21, and ap. Pl/it. de
Mul. Virt. p. 225, ed. Tauchn.; Val. Max. vi. 1.
Exrtern. 2; comp. Liv. xxxviii. 12.) Polybius
says (1. c.), that he had himself conversed with
her at Sardis, and admired her high spirit and good
sense. [E. E.]
CHION (Xi'wv), the son of Matris, a noble citizen of Heracleia, on the Pontus, was a disciple of
Plato. With the aid of Leon (or Leonides),
Euxenon, and other noble youths, he put to death
Clearchus, the tyrant of Heracleia. (a. c. 353.)
Most of the conspirators were cut down by the
tyrant's body-guards upon the spot, others were
afterwards taken and put to death with cruel tortures, and the city fell again beneath the worse
tyranny of Satyrus, the brother of Clearchus.
(Memnon, ap. Phot. Cod. 224, pp. 222, 223, ed.
Bekker; Justin. xvi. 5.)
There are extant thirteen letters which are ascribed to Chion, and which are of considerable
merit; but they are undoubtedly spurious. Probably they are the composition of one of the later
Platonists. They were first printed in Greek in
the Aldine collection of Greek Letters, Venet.
1499, 8vo.; again, in Greek and Latin, in the reprint of that collection, Aurel. Allob. 1606. The
first edition in a separate form was by J. Caselius,
printed by Steph. Myliander, Rostoch, 1583, 4to.;
there was also a Latin translation published in the
same volume with a Latin version of the fourth
book of Xenophon's Cyropaedeia, by the same editor and printer, Rostoch, 1584, 4to. A more complete edition of the Greek text, founded on a new
recension of some Medicean MSS., with notes and
indices, was published by J. T. Coberus, Lips. a.nd
Dresd. 1765, 8vo. The best edition, containing
all that is valuable in the preceding ones, is that
of J. Conr. Orelli, in the same volume with his
edition of Memnon, Lips. 1816, 8vo. It contains the
Greek text, the Latin version of Caselius, the Prolegomena of A. G. Hoffmiann, the Preface of Coberus, and the Notes of Coberus, Hoffmann, and
Orelli. There are several selections from the letters of Chion. (A. G. Hoffmann, Prolegom. ad
Chionis Epist. Graec. futusram edit. conscripta;
Fabric. Bibl. Graec. i. p. 677.) [P. S.]
CHION, of Corinth, a sculptor, who attained to
no distinction, not from the want of industry or skill,
but of good fortune. (Vitruv. iii. Praef.) [P. S.]
CHIONE (X16v-). 1. A daughter of Boreas
and Oreithyia, and sister of Cleopatra, Zetes, and
Calais. She became by Poseidon the mother of
Eumolpus, and in order to conceal the event, she
threw the boy into the sea; but the child was
saved by Poseidon. (Apollod. iii. 15. ~~ 2, 4;
Paus. i. 38. ~ 3.)
2. A daughter of Daedalion, who was beloved
by Apollo and Hermes on account of her beauty.
She gave birth to twins, Autolycus and Philammon,
the former a son of Hermes and the latter of
Apollo. She was killed by Artemis for having
found fault with the beauty of that goddess, and
her father in his grief threw himself from a rock of