A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CHARIDEMUS.
before the arrival of the Athenian squadron destined for the Hellespont under Cephisodotus; and
Charidemus, on his return to Europe, in spite of
his promise, lent his services to Cotys, whose
daughter he married, and laid siege to Crithote
and Elaeus. (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 669-674.) On
the murder of Cotys, B. c. 358, he adhered to the
cause of Cersobleptes, on whose behalf he conducted
the struggle with the Athenians, both by war and
diplomacy, for the possession of the Chersonesus.
He compelled Cephisodotus to submit, with respect
to it, to a compromise most unfavourable to his
country; and though Athenodorus (uniting with
Amadocus and Berisades, and taking advantage of
the national indignation excited by the murder of
Miltocythes, which Charidemus had procured from
the Cardians) obliged Cersobleptes to consent to a
threefold division of the kingdom, 'and to the surrender of the Chersonesus to Athens,-yet, on the
arrival of Chabrias with only one ship, the crafty
Euboean again renounced the treaty, and drove the
Athenian general to accept another still more unfavourable to Athens than that of Cephisodotus.
But this was repudiated by the Athenians; and,
at length, after much fruitless negotiation, Chares
having arrived in the Hellespont with a sufficient
force and with the authority of commander autocrator, Charidemus consented to ratify the treaty
of Athenodorus, still, however, contriving to retain
the town of Cardia; and his partizans among the
orators at Athens having persuaded the people that
they owed to him the cession of the Chersonesus
(a strange delusion, if the narrative of events in
Demosthenes may be depended on), they rewarded
his supposed services with the franchise of the city
and a golden crown. (Dem. c. Aristocr. pp. 650,
674-682; Arist. Rhet. ii. 23. ~ 17; comp. Isocr.
de Pac. p. 169, c.) This appears to have been in
B. c. 357. In B. c. 352, hoping perhaps to recover
Amphipolis through his aid, they passed a decree
in spite of the opposition of Demosthenes and his
party (c. Aristocr. passim), pronouncing the person
of Charidemus inviolable, and rendering any one
who should kill him amenable to justice from any
part of the Athenian empire. [CERSOBLEPTES.]
In B.c. 349, after the recall of Chares, Charidemus
was appointed by the Athenians as commander in
the Olynthian war. In conjunction with the
Olynthians, he ravaged Pallene and Bottiaea,
which seem to have been then in the hands of
Philip; but he caused much offence by his insolent
and profligate conduct at Olynthus, and in the
ensuing year he was superseded and replaced by
Chares. (Philochor. ap. Dionys. p. 735; Theopomp.
ap. Athen. x. p. 436, c.) Henceforth he disappears
from history, though he has been identified by
some with the Charidemus mentioned immediately
below, in opposition, we think, to internal evidence.
(Mitford's Greece, ch. 48, sec. 1; Thirlwall's Greece,
vol. v. p. 192, note 4, vol. vi. p. 101.)
2. An Athenian, who in B. c. 358 was sent with
Antiphon as ambassador to Philip of Macedon,
ostensibly to confirm the friendship between the
king and the Athenians, but authorized to negotiate with him secretly for the recovery of Amphipolis, and to promise that the republic, in return
for it, would make him master of Pydna. This
was the SpuNoxeVUvv o're droTpprov to which
Demosthenes refers in Olynth. ii. p. 19, ad fin.
(Theopomp. ap. Suid. s. v. rl E'oTr T i 'v ros
ArpLOeevous 'eu Annrauos, ic. Tr. A.; comp. Diod.

CHARILAUS. 685
xiii. 49; Deinarch. c. Dem. p. 91, ad fin.) It was
perhaps this same Charidemus whom the Athenians,
had they not been restrained by Phocion's party,
would have made general to act against Philip after
the battle of Chaeroneia, B. c. 338, and who, being
at the court of Macedonia as an envoy at the time
of Philip's murder, B. c. 336, transmitted to Demosthenes, whose friend he was, the earliest intelligence of that event. (Plut. Phoc. 16, Dem. 22;
Aesch. c. Ctes. p. 64.) He was one of the orators
whose surrender was required by Alexander in
B. c. 335, after the destruction of Thebes, and the
only one in whose behalf he refused to recede from
his demand on the mediation of Demades. Charidemus, being thus obliged to leave his country,
fled to Asia, and took refuge with Dareius, by
whose orders he was summarily put to death in
B. c. 333, shortly before the battle of Issus, having
exasperated the king by some advice, too freely
given, tending to abate his confidence in his power
and in the courage of his native troops. (Arr.
Anab. i. 10; Plut. Dem. 23, Phoc. 17; Diod. xvii.
15, 30; Deinarch. c. Dem. p. 94.) Diodorus (xvii.
30) speaks of Charidemus as having been high in
favour with Philip of Macedon; but the inconsistency of this with several of the authorities above
referred to is pointed out by Wesseling. (Ad Diod.
1. c.) [E. E.]
CHARIDE'MUS (Xapi'87os), a Greek physician, who was one of the followers of Erasistratus
and probably lived in the third century B. c. He
is mentioned by Caelius Aurelianus (De Morb.
Acitt. iii. 15. p. 227), and was probably the father
of the physician Hermogenes. [W. A. G.]
CHARILA'US (XapiAaos). 1. Brother of Maeandrius, tyrant of Samos. When the Persians invaded the island, towards the commencement of
the reign of Dareius Hystaspis, for the purpose of
establishing Syloson, the brother of Polycrates, in
the tyranny, Maeandrius submitted to them, and
agreed to abdicate; but Charilails, who was somewhat crazy, obtained leave from his brother to fall
with a body of soldiers on a party of the most distinguished Persians, who were sitting in front of
the acropolis, and waiting for the ratification of the
treaty. The consequence of this treacherous murder was a wholesale massacre of the Samians by
order of the Persian general, Otanes. (Herod. iii.
144-149.)
2. An Italian Greek, one of the chief men of
Palaepolis, who, together with Nymphius, betrayed
the town to Q. Publilius Philo, the Roman proconsul, in the second Samnite war (B.c. 323), and drove
out the Samnite garrison. (Liv.viii. 25,26.) [E. E.]
CHARILA'US (Xapi'aos), a Locrian, and a
dramatic poet. Whether he wrote tragedies or
comedies is uncertain, nor is anything further
known of him than that plays of his were represented at Athens in B. c. 328. (Fabric. Bibl.
Grace. ii. p. 428, ed. Harles.) [E. E.]
CHARILA'US or CHARILLUS (Xaplhaos,
XdptAXos), a king of Sparta, son of Polydectes,
and 7th of the Eurypontids, is said by Plutarch to
have received his name from the general joy excited by the justice of his uncle Lycurgus when he
placed him, yet a new-born infant, on the royal
seat, and bade the Spartans acknowledge him for
their king. (Plut. Lyec. 3; Paus. ii. 36; Just.
iii. 2; Schol. ad Plat. Rep. x. p. 474.) According to Plutarch, the reforms projected by Lycurgus
on his return from his voluntary exile at first