A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

684

CHARICLES.

at the entrance of the harbour of Rhodes. There
is no authority for the statement that its legs extended over the mouth of the harbour. It was
overthrown and broken to pieces by an earthquake
56 years after its erection. (B. c. 224, Euseb.
Chron., and Chron. Pasch. sub 01. 139. 1; Polyb.
v. 88, who places the earthquake a little later, in
B. c. 218.) Strabo (xiv. p. 652), says, that an
oracle forbade the Rhodians to restore it. (See
also Philo Byzant. de VII Orbis Miraculis, c. iv.
p. 15.) The fragments of the colossus remained
on the ground 923 years, till they were sold by
Moawiyeh, the general of the caliph Othman IV.,
to a Jew of Emesa, who carried them away on 900
camels. (A. D. 672.) Hence Scaliger calculated
the weight of the bronze at 700,000 pounds.
Considering the mechanical difficulties both of
modelling and of casting so large a statue, the nicety
required to fit together the separate pieces in
which it must necessarily have been cast, and the
skill needed to adjust its proportions, according to
the laws of optics, and to adapt the whole style of
the composition to its enormous size, we must
assign to Chares a high place as an inventor in his
art.
There are extant Rhodian coins, bearing the
head of the Sun surrounded with rays, probably
copied from the statue of Chares or from some of
the other colossal statues of the sun at Rhodes.
(Eckhel, Doct. Num. ii. pp. 602-3; Rasche, Lex.
Univ. Rei Num. s. v. Rhiodus, A., b., 11, &c.)
There are two epigrams on the colossus in the
Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal. i. p. 143, iii.
pp. 198-9; Jacobs, i. 74, iv. 166. Respecting
these epigrams, and the question whether Laches
completed the work which Chares commenced, see
Jacobs, Comment. i. 1, pp. 257-8, iii. 2, p. 8, and
BBattiger, Andeutungen zu 24 Vortriigen iiber die.
Archdiologie, pp. 199-201.) [P. S.]
CHA'RICLES (XapscAcls), an Athenian demagogue, son of Apollodorus, was one of the commissioners (SNrnTai) appointed to investigate the
affair of the mutilation of the Ilermae in B. C. 415,
on which occasion he inflamed the passions of the
people by representing the outrage as connected
with a plot for the destruction of the democracy.
(Thuc. vi. 27-29, 53, 60, &c.; Andoc. de MAyst.
p. 6.) In B. c. 413 he was sent in command of a
squadron round the Peloponnesus together with
Demosthenes, and succeeded with him in fortifying
a small peninsula on the coast of Laconia, to serve
as a position for annoying the enemy. (Thuc. vii.
20, 26.) In B. c. 404 he was appointed one of the
thirty tyrants; nor did he relinquish under the
new government the coarse arts of thIe demagogue
which had distinguished him under the democracy,
still striving to curry favour with the dominant
party by an unscrupulous advocacy of their most
violent and tyrannical measures. We may conclude, that he was one of the remnant of the Thirty
who withdrew to Eleusis on the establishment of
the council of Ten, and who, according to Xenophon, were treacherously murdered in a conference
by the leaders of the popular party on the restoration of democracy in B. c. 403. (Xen. Hell. ii. 3.
~ 2, 4. ~~ 24, 43, Mezm. i. 2. ~~ 31, &c.; Arist.
Polit. v, 6, ed. Bekk.; Lys. c. Erat. p. 125; Isocr.
de Big. p. 355, d.) In the passage last referred to
Charicles is mentioned as having been driven into
banishment previously to his appointment as one
of the tyrants. [E. E.]

CIHARIDEMUS.
CHARICLEIDES (XapacA-i6y7s), a writer of
the new comedy, of uncertain date. A play of his
called "AAvois (the Chain) is quoted by Athenaeus
(vii. p. 325, d.). [E. E.]
CHIARICLEITUS (XapicXe1rozs), one of the
commanders of the Rhodian fleet, which, in B. c.
190, defeated that of Antiochus the Great under
Hannibal and Apollonius, off Side in Pamphylia.
(Liv. xxxiv. 23, 24.) [E. E.]
CHA'RICLES (XapacA7hS), an eminent physician at Rome, who sometimes attended on the
Emperor Tiberius, and who is said to have predicted his approaching death from the weak state
of his pulse, A. D. 37. (Suet. Tiber. 72; Tac.
Ann. vi. 50.) Some medical formulae are preserved by Galen (De Coimpos. Mledicanm. sec. Locos.
ii. 1, 2. vol. xii. pp. 556, 579, &c.) which may
perhaps belong to the same person. [W. A. G.]
CHA'RICLO (XapmcAot). 1. The wife of the
centaur Cheiron, and mother of Carystus. She
was a daughter of Apollo, and according to others
of Perses or of Oceanus. (Schol. ad Pind. Pyth,
iv. 181; Ov. iMet. ii. 636.)
2. A nymph, the wife of Eueres and mother of
Teiresias. It was at her request that Teiresias,
who had been blinded by Athena, obtained from
this goddess the power to understand the voices of
the birds, and to walk with his black staff as safely
as if he saw. (Apollod. iii. 6. ~ 7; Callim. Hymni.
in Pall. 67, &c.) [L. S.]
CHARIDE'MUS (Xapiiutos). 1. Of Euboea,
son of a woman of Oreus by an obscure father, if
we may believe the account of Demosthenes in a
speech filled with invective against him. (Dem.
c. Aristocr. p. 691.) On the same authority, we
learn that he began his military career as a slinger
among the light-armed, that he then became commander of a pirate vessel, and finally the captain
of a mercenary band of "" free companions." (Dem.
c. Aristoer. pp. 668, 669.) In this capacity he first
entered the Athenian service under Iphicrates,
who had been sent against Amphipolis, about B. c.
367. At the end of somewhat more than three
years, Amphipolis agreed to surrender to the Athenians, and delivered hostages to Iphicrates for
the performance of the promise: these, on being
superseded by Timotheus, he entrusted to Chiaridemus, who restored them to the Amphipolitans in
spite of the decree of the Athenian people requiring them to be sent to Athens, and then passed
over to Cotys, king of Thrace, who was hostile to
the Athenians at the time. In B. c. 360, when
Timotheus was meditating his attack on Amphipolis, Charidemus was engaged to enter the service
of the Olynthians, who were preparing to defend
it; but, on his passage from Cardia in the Chersonesus, he was captured by the Athenians, and consented to aid them against Olynthus. After the
failure of Timotheus at Amphipolis in the same
year, Charidemus crossed over to Asia and entered
the service of Memnon and Mentor, brothers-inlaw of Artabazus, who had been imprisoned by
Autophradates, but whose cause they still maintained. [ARTABAZus, No. 4.] He deceived his
employers, however, and seized the towns of Scepsis, Cebren, and Ilium; but, being closely pressed
by Artabazus after his release from prison, he applied to the Athenians to interpose in his behalf,
promising to help them in recovering the Chersonesus. Artabazus, however, allowed him to depart
uninjured, by the advice of Memnon and Mentor,