A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

CIIALCON.
in the Bodleian, in the libraries of the Escurial,
and of Naples, in the Bibl. Laurentiana at Florence, several in the royal library at Munich and
in the royal library at Paris, and that of the former Coislin library now united with the royal
library at Paris. The history of Chalcocondyles was
first published in Latin translations, the first of
which is that of Conradus Clauserus of Ziirich,
Basel, 1556, fol.; the same corrected and compared
with an unedited translation of Philippus Gundelius appended to the edition of Nicephorus Gregoras, ibid. 1562, fol.; the same together with Latin
translations of Zonaras, Nicetas, and Nicephorus
Gregoras, Frankfort on-the-Main, 1568, fol. The
Greek text was first published, with the translation and notes of Clauserus, and the works of
Nicephorus Gregoras and Georgius Acropolita, at
Geneva, 1615, fol. Fabrot perused this edition
for his own, which belongs to the Paris collection
of the Byzantine historians (1650, fol); he collated
two MSS. of the royal library at Paris, and corrected both the text and the translation of the
Geneva edition; he added the history of Ducas, a
glossary, and a Latin translation of the German
version, by John Gaudier, called Spiegel, of a
Turkish MS. work on the earlier Turkish history.
The French translation of Chalcocondyles by Blaise
de Vigenere, was edited and continued at first by
Artus Thomas, a dull writer and an equivocal
scholar, and after him by Mezerai, who continued
the work down to the year 1661. This latter
edition, which is in the library of the British Museum, is a useful book. None of these editions is
satisfactory: the text is still susceptible of corrections, and there is a chance of getting important
additions, as the different MSS. have not all been
collated. Besides, we want a good commentary,
which will present the less difficulties, as the materials of it are already given in the excellent notes
of Baron von Hammer-Purgstall to the first and
second volumes of his work cited below. From
these notes and other remarks of the learned
Baron we learn, that he considers Chalcocondyles
as a trustworthy historian, and that the reproach
of credulity with which he has been charged
should be confined to his geographical and historical knowledge of Western Europe. We venture
to hope that the editors of the Bonn collection of
the Byzantines will furnish us with such a commentary. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vii. pp. 793-795;
Hammer-Purgstall, Geschichte des Osmanisclhen
Reiches, vol. i. p. 469, ii. p. 83.) [W. P.]
CHALCO'DON (XaAhuSowv). 1. A son of
Abas, king of the Chalcidians in Euboea. He was
slain by Amphitryon in a battle against the Thebans,
and his tomb was seen as late as the time of Pausanias. (viii. 15. ~ 3; Eustath. ad Hon. p. 281.)
2. A Coan who wounded Heracles in a fight at
night. (Apollod. ii. 7. ~ 1.) Theocritus (vii. 6)
calls him Chalcon. There are four other mythical
personages of this name. (Apollod. ii. 1. ~ 5, iii.
5. ~ 15; Pans. vi. 21. ~ 7, viii. 15. ~ 3; Horm.
II. ii. 741, iv. 463.) [L. S.]
CHALCON (Xd"Kwv). 1. [CHALCODON, No.2.]
2. A wealthy Myrmidon, and father of Bathycles. (Hom. II. xvi. 594, &c.)
3. Of Cyparissus, the shield-bearer of Antilochus. He was in love with the Amazon Penthesileia, but on hastening to her assistance he was
killed by Achilles, and the Greeks nailed his body
to a cross. (Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1697.) [L. S.]

CIIARAX. 681
CHALCO'STHENES. 1. A statuary in bronze,
who made statues of comoedians and athletes.
(Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. ~ 27.)
2. A statuary at Athens, who made statues in
unburnt clay (crusda opera, Plin. H. N. xxxv. 12.
s. 45). The statement of Pliny, that the Cerameicus was so called from his place of work having
been in it, though incorrect, seems however to point
out the great antiquity of the artist. It is possible, but not very probable, that the two passages
of Pliny refer to the same person. [P. S.]
CHALINITIS (XaAtvirts), the tamer of
horses by means of the bridle (XaAhis), a surname of Athena, under which she had a temple at
Corinth. In order to account for the name, it is
related, that she tamed Pegasus and gave him to
Bellerophontes, although the general character of
the goddess is sufficient to explain the surname.
(Paus. ii. 4. ~ 1; comp. ATHENA.) [L. S.]
CHAMAE'LEON (Xapaachtwv), a Peripatetic
philosopher of Heracleia on the Pontus, was one of
the immediate disciples of Aristotle. He wrote
works on several of the ancient Greek poets,
namely, rept 'AvatcpEov'os, arepl:2awrooUS, repi:pycvi&So, 7repi OesoardSo, 7repi Aloiov, rwept
Aa'dov, rep pi ThSapov, 'repi:Tr77r0Xdpov. He also
wrote on the Iliad, and on Comedy (repi Ktcw/oiWias).
In this last work he treated, among other subjects,
of the dances of comedy. (Athen. xiv. p. 628, e.)
This work is quoted by Athenaeus (ix. p. 374, a.)
by the title repi rTIs dpxaias iKwceias, which is
also the title of a work by the Peripatetic philosoplher Eumelus. (Meineke, as quoted below.) It
would seem also that he wrote on Hesiod, for
Diogenes says, that Chamaeleon accused Heracleides
Ponticus of having stolen from him his work concerning Homer and Hesiod. (v. 6. ~ 92.) The
above works were probably both biographical and
critical. He also wrote works entitled repi hSeW',
and drepl e'a-rspw, and some moral treatises, srept
ojSovrs (which was also ascribed to Theophrastus),
rpoerperIKc, and repl kd 60-s. Of all his works
only a few fragments are preserved by Athenaeus
and other ancient writers. (lonsius, Script. Hist.
Philos. i. 17; Voss. de Hist. Graec. p. 413, ed.
Westermann; Backh, Praef. ad Pind. Schol. p. ix.;
Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. p. 8.) [P. S ]
CHAMYNE (Xaepdvs), a surname of Demeter
in Elis, which was derived either from the earth
having opened (Xailvrv) at that place to receive
Pluto, or from one Chamynus, to whom the building of a temple of Demeter at Elis was ascribed.
(Paus. vi. 21. ~ 1.) [L. S.]
CHAOS (Xdos), the vacant and infinite space
which existed according to the ancient cosmogonies
previous to the creation of the world (Hes. Theog.
116), and out of which the gods, men, and all
things arose. A different definition of Chaos is
given by Ovid (Met. i. 1, &c.), who describes it as
the confused mass containing the elements of all
things that were formed out of it. According to
Hesiod, Chaos was the mother of Erebos and
Nyx. Some of the later poets use the word Chaos
in the general sense of the airy realms, of darkness,
or the lower world. [L. S.]
CHARAX (Xapaý), of Pergamus, an historian
and priest, who wrote two large works, the one, in
forty books, called 'E/AAhmJid, the other named
Xpovicad, of which the sixteenth book is quoted
by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. 'noles). In the
former he mentions Augustus Caesar and Nero,