A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

6G6 CATUS.
1)y abrogating the acts of the dictator, and when,
the following spring, Lepidus marched against the
city at the head of the remnants of the Marian
faction, he was defeated by Catulus in the battle
of the Milvian bridge, and forced to take refuge in
Sardinia, where he soon after perished in an
attempt to organize an insurrection. [LEPIDUS.]
Catulus, although true to his party and his principles, denounced the corrupt practices which disgraced the senate while they possessed the exclusive
right to act as judices on criminal trials; his
opinion upon this subject was most unequivocally
expressed when Pompeius brought forward his
measure (B. C. 70) for restoring the privileges of
the tribunes, and his presence as a judex upon the
impeachment of Verres was probably one of the
circumstances which deprived the culprit of all
hope. He came forward as an opponent of the
Gabinian and Manilian laws (B. c. 67 and 66),
and Cicero records the tribute paid by the populace, on the latter occasion, to his character and
talents; for when, in the course of an argument
against the extravagant powers which the contemplated enactment proposed to bestow upon a single
individual, Catulus asked the multitude to whom
they would look should any misfortune befal their
favourite, the crowd, almost with one voice, shouted
back the reply, that they would look to himself.
When censor along with Crassus in 65, he withstood the measures of his colleague, who desired to
make Egypt tributary to Rome, and so firm was
each in maintaining his position, that at length
both resigned without effecting anything. During
the progress of the Catilinarian plot (n. c. 63), he
strenuously supported Cicero, and either he or
Cato was the first to hail him as " parens patriae."
If we are to believe Sallust, Catulus used every
effort to prevail upon Cicero to insert the name of
Caesar among the conspirators, stimulated, it is
said, by a recent grudge; for, when candidate for
the office of chief pontiff, he had been defeated by
Caesar. That a bad feeling existed between them
is clear, for the first act of Caesar when he became
praetor, on the first of January, 62, was an attempt
to deprive his former rival of the office of commissioner for the restoration of the Capitol, which
had been destroyed by fire during the civil war
(83), an appointment held by him ever since the
death of Sulla. But the optimates who were
escorting the new consuls, upon hearing of the
attempt, rushed in a body to the forum and by
their united efforts threw out the bill. Thus the
name of Catulus became connected with the Capitol
and remained inscribed on the temple until it was
again consumed in the reign of Vitellius.
Catulus died during the consulship of Metellus
Celer, B. c. 60, happy, says Cicero, both in the
splendour of his life and in having been spared the
spectacle of his country's ruin. He was not considered an orator, but at the same time possessed
the power of expressing his opinions with learning,
grace, and wisdom. (Orelli, Onom. Tull. ii. p.
367, &c.; Sail. Catil. 35, 49, Frag. Histor. i. iii.;
Tacit. Hist. iii. 72; Sueton. Jul. 15, Galb. 2;
Val. Max. vi. 9. ~ 5; Plut. Crass. 13, Cat. MIin.
16; Senec. Epist. 97; Dion Cass. xxxvi. 13, calls
him princeps senatus, -Tri re rpW-ra- rs j3ovhus 'v,
at the time of the Gabinian law. See also xxxvii.
37, 46, xlv. 2; Orelli, Inscrip. n. 31.) [W. R.]
CATUS, a word indicating shrewdness, caution,
sagacity, or the like, was a surname of Sex. Aelius

CAUDINUS.
Paetus, who was consul 'B. c. 198 [PAETUS], and
the cognomen of Sex. Aelius, consul in A. D. 4,
with C. Sentius Saturninus. (Vell. Pat. ii. 103.)
CATUS DECIA'NUS, procurator of Britain
when the people rose against the Romans in A. D.
62 under Boadicea, was by his extortion and
avarice one of the chief causes of the revolt. The
Britons commenced the war by laying siege to
Camalodunum, and as Suetonius Paullinus, the
legate of the province, was absent upon an expedition against the island of Mona, the colonists applied to Catus for assistance, who was, however,
able to send them only 200 men. After the fall
of Camalodunum and the defeat of Petilius Cerealis, Catus fled in alarm to Gaul. He was succeeded in his office of procurator by Julius Glassicianus. (Tac. Ann. xiv. 32, 38; Dion Cass. Ixii.
2; comp. BOADICEA.)
CATUS, FI'RMIUS, a senator, was the accuser of Scribonius Libo Drusus in A.. 16. A
few years afterwards (A. D. 24), Catus was condemned by the senate to be banished to an island,
on account of a false accusation of majestas which
he brought against his sister; but in consequence
of his former service in the accusation of Drusus,
Tiberius remitted his banishment, but allowed him
to be expelled from the senate. (Tac. Ann. ii. 27,
iv. 31.)
CAVARI'NUS, a Senonian, whom Caesar
made king of his people, was expelled by his subjects and compelled to fly to Caesar, B. c. 54. He
afterwards accompanied Caesar in his war against
Ambiorix. (Caes. B. G. v. 54, vi. 5.)
CA'VARUS (Kavapos), the last king of that
portion of the Gauls which settled in Thrace and
for many years exacted an annual tribute from
Byzantium. It was chiefly by his mediation that
Prusias I. and the Rhodians were induced to make
peace with Byzantium in B. c. 219. He was ultimately slain in battle against the Thracians, who
defeated and utterly destroyed all the Gauls in
their country. (Polyb. iv. 46, 52.) Polybius
calls him " a royal-hearted and magnanimous man"
($aarito'us rn ( pvoesI cal E-yad6bpwv), and says
that he gave great protection to merchants sailing
to the Euxine; he adds, however, that he was
spoilt by the flattery of Sostratus of Chalcedon.
(Polyb. viii. 24, and ap. Atden. vi. p. 252, d.)
" Cavarus" was perhaps rather a national name
than one peculiar to the individual, the Cavari
having been a tribe of some consequence which
dwelt on the eastern bank of the Rhone, between
Avignon and Valence. (Strab. iv. p. 186; Dalechamp, ad Alhen. 1. c.) [E. E.]
CAU'CALUS (Kavicahos), of Chios, a rhetorician, of whom an eulogium on Heracles is mentioned by Athenaeus (x. p. 412), who also states
that he was a brother of the historian Theopompus.
It is very probable, that Suidas and Photius (s. v.
Anfjuvlov Ktacdv) refer to our rhetorician, in which
case the name KauKacros must be changed into
KavKahos. [L. S.]
CAUCON (KahcKwv), a son of Celaenus, who was
believed to have carried the orgies of the great goddess from Eleusis to Messene, where he was worshipped as a hero. His tomb was shewn in Lepreos.
(Paus. iv. 1. ~ 4, 27. ~ 4, v. 5. ~ 4.) One of the
sons of Lycaon also bore the name of Caucon.
(Apollod. iii. 8. ~ 1.) [L. S.]
CAUDI'NUS, a surname of several of the
Cornelii Lentuli. [LENTULUS.J