A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

618 CASCA.
CARYA'TIS (Kapvarts), a surname of Artemis,
derived from the town of Caryae in Laconia.
Here the statue of the goddess stood in the open
air, and maidens celebrated a festival to her every
year with dances. (Paus. iii. 10. ~ 8, iv. 16. ~ 5;
Serv. ad Virq. Eclog. viii. 30.) [L. S.]
CARY'STIUS, ANTI'GONUS. [ANTIGONUS
of CARYSTUS.]
CARY'STIUS (Kapvo'-Tos), a Greek grammarian
of Pergamus, who lived after the time of Nicander
(Athen. xv. p. 684), and consequently about the
end of the second century B. c. He is mentioned as
the author of several works: 1. 'IoropIKad VrogVYeuara, sometimes also called simply -nro/wg'jaTa,
an historical work of which great use was made by
Athenaeus, who has preserved a considerable number of statements from it. (i. p. 24, x. p. 434, &c.,
xi pp. 506, 508, xii. pp. 542, 548, xiii. p. 577, xiv.
p. 639; comp. Schol. ad Aristophl. Av. 575, ad
Tleocrit. xiii. 22.) It must have consisted of at
least three books, as the third is referred to by
Athenaeus. 2. Iepi 8tSiao-Kahl\V, that is, an account of the Greek dramas, of the time and place
of their performance, of their success, and the like.
(Athen. vi. p. 235; the Greek Life of Sophocles,)
3. e-pi 2l W dov, or a commentary on the poet
Sotades. (Athen. xiv. p. 620.) All these works
are lost. [L. S.]
CARYSTUS (Kdpvo-ros), a son of Cheiron and
Chariclo, from whom the town of Carystus in
Euboea was believed to have derived its name.
(Schol. ad Pind. Pyi. iv. 181; Eustath. ad Horm.
p. 281.) [L. S.]
CASCA, the name of a plebeian family of the
Servilia gens.
1. C. SERVILIUS CASCA, was tribune of the
plebs in B. c. 212. In that year M. Postumius,
a farmer of the public revenue, and a relation of
Casca, was accused of having defrauded the
republic, and his only hope of escaping condemnation was Casca, who, however, was either too
honest or too timid to interpose on his behalf.
(Liv. xxv. 3.)
2. P. SERVILIUS CASCA, one of the conspirators
against Caesar, who aimed the first stroke at his
assassination, B. c. 44. He was in that year tribune
of the plebs, and soon afterwards fled from Rome,
as he anticipated the revenge which Octavianus
was going to take. His leaving Rome as tribune
was against the constitution, and his colleague,
P. Titius, accordingly carried a decree in the assembly of the people, by which he was deprived of
his tribuneship. He fought in the battle of Philippi, and died shortly afterwards. (Appian B. C.
ii. 113, 115, 117; Dion Cass. xliv. 52, xlvi. 49;
Cic. Plilipp. xiii. 15, ad Ait. i. 17, ad Brut. i. 18;
Plut. Brut. 17, 45.)
3. C. SERVILIUS CASCA, a brother of the preceding, and a friend of Caesar, notwithstanding
which he was likewise one of the conspirators
against the life of the dictator. (Appian, B. C.
ii. 113; Plut. Caes. 66; Suet. Caes. 82; Dion
Cass. xliv. 52; Cic. Philipp. ii. 11.)

CASCELLIUS.
The foregoing coin of the Servilia gens belongs
either to No. 2 or No. 3; it contains on the obverse
the head of Neptune, and on the reverse a figure
of Victory. [L. S.]
A. CASCE'LLIUS, an eminent Roman jurist,
contemporary with Trebatius, whom he exceeded
in eloquence, though Trebatius surpassed him in
legal skill. Their contemporary, Ofilius, the disciple of Servius Sulpicius, was more learned than
either. Cascellius, according to Pliny the Elder
(H. N. viii. 40), was the disciple of one Volcatius,
who, on a certain occasion, was saved by a dog
from the attack of robbers. Pomponius (Dig. 1,
tit. 2, s. 2, ~ 45), according to the Florentine manuscript, writes thus-" Fuit Cascellius, Mucius,
Volusii auditor: denique in illius honorem testamento P. Mucium nepotem ejus reliquit heredem."
This may be understood to mean that, at the end
of a long life, Cascellius made the grandson of his
fellow-pupil his heir, but a man is more likely to
honour his praeceptor than his fellow-pupil, and, on
this construction, the Latinity is harsh, both in
the use of the singular for the plural, and in the
reference of the word illius to the former of the
two names, Mucius and Volusius, which are connected merely by collocation. Hence the conjectural reading of Balduinus adopted by Bertrandus (de Vitis Jurisp. 2, 19), viz. " Fuit Cascellius
Mucii et Volcatii auditor," has gained the approbation of many critics.
Cascellius was a man of stern republican principles: of Caesar's proceedings he spoke with the
utmost freedom. Neither hope nor fear could
induce him, B. c. 41, to compose legal forms for the
donations of the triumvirs, the fruits of their proscriptions, which he looked upon as wholly irregular and illegal. His independence and liberty of
speech he ascribed to two things, which most men
regarded as misfortunes, old age and childlessness.
In offices of honour, he never advanced beyond the
first step, the quaestorship, though he survived to
the reign of Augustus, who offered him the consulship, which he declined. (Val. Max. vi. 2, ~
12, Dig. 1. c.)
Cascellius is frequently quoted at second hand in
the Digest, especially by Javolenus. In Dig. 35,
tit. 1, s. 40, s. 1, and 32, s. 100, ~ 1, we find him
differing from Ofilius. In the latter passage, the
case proposed was this:-A man leaves by will
two specific marble statues, and all his marble.
Do his other marble statues pass? Cascellius
thought not, and Labeo agreed with him, in opposition to Ofilius and Trebatius.
In Dig. 38, tit. 5, s. 17, ~ 5, the following
words occur in a quotation from Ulpian, " Labeo
quarto Posteriorum scripsit, nee Aristo, vel Aulus,
utpote probabile, notant." For Aulus here it is
not unlikely that Paulus ought to be read, for Cascellius is no where else in the Digest called Aulus
simply. Moreover, he was of older standing than
Labeo, and the only work of Cascellius extant in
the time of Pomponius (who was anterior to U1 -pian), was a book of legal bons rmots (benedictoruma
liber).
In conversation, Cascellius was graceful, amusing,
and witty. Several of his good sayings are preserved. When a client, wishing to sever a partnership in a ship, said to him, " Navem dividere
volo," his answer was, " You will destroy your
ship." He probably remembered the story of the
analogous quibble on the words of a treaty, which,