A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

594 CANDIDUS.
that she was blind of one eye. (Strab. xvii. pp.
819-821; Dion Cass. liii. 29, liv. 5.) Her
name seems to have been common to all the queens
of Aethiopia (Plin. H. N. vi. 29; Joseph. Ant.
viii. 6. ~ 5; Acts, viii. 27); and it appears from
Eusebius (Hist. Eccl. ii. 1. ~ 10), that it was customary for the Aethiopians to be governed by
women, though Oecumenius thinks (Comm. in
Acts, 1. c.), that Candace was only the common
name of the queen-mothers, the nation regarding
the sun alone as their father and king, and their
princes as the sun's children. [E. E.]
CANDAULES (KavcaSasiS), known also
among the Greeks by the name of Myrsilus, was
the last Heracleid king of Lydia. According, to
the account in Herodotus and Justin, he was extremely proud of his wife's beauty, and insisted
on exhibiting her unveiled charms, but without
her knowledge, to Gyges, his favourite officer.
Gyges was seen by the queen as he was stealing
from her chamber, and the next day she summoned
him before her, intent on vengeance, and bade him
choose whether he would undergo the punishment
of death himself, or would consent to murder Candaules and receive the kingdom together with her
hand. IHe chose the latter alternative, and became the founder of the dynasty of the Mermnadae, about B. c. 715. In Plato the story, in the
form of the well-known fable of the ring of Gyges,
serves the purpose of moral allegory. Plutarch,
following in one place the story of Herodotus,
speaks in another of Gyges as making war against
Candaules with the help of some Carian auxiliaries. (1-erod. i. 7--13; Just. i. 7; Plat. de
Repub. ii. pp. 359, 360; Cic. de Off. iii. 9; Plut.
Quiaest. Graec. 45, Sympos. i. 5. ~ 1; comp. Thirlwall's Greece, vol. ii. p. 158.) Candaules is mentioned by Pliny in two passages as having given
Bularchus, the painter, a large sum of money
(" panri rependit auro") for a picture representing
a battle of the Magnetes. (Plin. H. N. vii. 38,
xxxv. 8; comp. Diet. of Ant. p. 682.) [E. E.]
CA'NDIDUS (Kd'v6tos), a Greek author, who
lived about the time of the emperors Commodus
and Severus, about A. D. 200, and wrote a work on
the Hexameron, which is referred to by Eusebius.
(Hist. Eccl. v. 27; comp. Hieronym. De Scriptor.
Eccl. 48.) [L. S.]
CA'NDIDUS, an Arian who flourished about
the middle of the fourth century, the author of a
tract " De Generatione Divina," addressed to his
friend Marius Victorinus, who wrote in reply "De
Generatione Verbi Divini sive Confutatorium Candidi Ariani ad eundem." Mabillon published in
his Analecta (Paris, 1685, fol.) a "Fragmentum
Epistolae Candidi Ariani ad Marium Victorinum,"
which Oudin first pointed out to be in reality a
portion of the "1 De Generatione Divina." Both
are printed in tlie Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland,
vol. viii. [VICTORINus.] (Oudin, De Script. Eccld.
vol. i. p. 528; Schinemann, Bibl. Patrum Latinorum, c. iv. 13 and 14, Lips. 1792.) [W. R.]
CA'NDIDUS ISAURUS (Kaivsros 'Itavpos),
a Byzantine historian, a native of Isauria, whence
his surname Isaurus. He lived in the reign of the
emperor Anastasius, and held a high public office
in his native country. He is called a man of great
influence and an orthodox Christian, which is inferred from his advocating the decrees of the council of Chalcedon. His history of the Byzantine
empire, in three books, which is now lost, began

CANINIA GENS.

with the election of the emperor Leo the Thracian,
and came down to the death of Zeno the Isaurian.
It therefore embraced the period from A. D. 457 to
491. A summary of its contents is preserved in
Photius (cod. 79), to whom we are also indebted
for the few facts concerning the life of Candidus
which we have mentioned, and who censures the
style of the historian for its affectation of poetical
beauties. A small fragment of the work is preserved by Suidas (s. v. XEpt(iw). The extant fragments of Candidus are printed in the appendix to
" Eclogae Historicorum de Reb. Byz.," ed. Labbe,
which forms an appendix to " Excerpta de Legationibus, &c." ed. D. Hoeschelius, published by C.
A. Fabrotus, Paris, 1648. They are also contained
in the edition of Dexippus, Eunapius, &c. published
in the Bonn collection of Byzantine writers. (Comp.
Hanke, Byz. Rer. Script. ii. 3, p. 672, &c.; Fabric.
Bibl. Graec. vii. p. 543.) [L. S.]
CA'NDIDUS, VESPRO'NIUS, one of the
consular envoys despatched by Didius Julianus
and the senate in A. D. 192, for the purpose of inducing the troops of Septimius Severus to abandon
their leader, who had been declared a public enemy. Not only did Candidus fail in accomplishing
the object of his mission, but he very narrowly
escaped being put to death by the soldiers, who recollected the harshness he had formerly displayed
towards those under his command. We find him,
nevertheless, at a subsequent period (193) employed as a legate by Severus, first in Asia Minor,
against Pescennius Niger, and afterwards (194)
against the Arabians and other barbarous tribes on
the confines of Syria and Mesopotamia. On both
occasions he did good service; for, by his exhortations and example, the fortune of the day was
turned at the great battle of Nicaea; and, acting
in conjunction with Lateranus, lie reduced to submission the turbulent chiefs of Adiabene and Osroene. (Dion Cass. lxxiii. 16, lxxiv. 6, lxxv. 2;
Spartian. Julian. 5.) [W. R.]
CANDYBUS (Ka'v8v@os), a son of Deucalion,
from whom Candyba, a town in Lycia, was believed
to have received its name. (Steph. Byz. s.v.) LL.S.]
CANE'THUS (KdcnyOos), two mythical personages, one a son of Lycaon, and the second the son
of Atlas and father of Canthus in Euboea, from
whom a mountain in Euboea near Chalcis derived
its name. (Apollod. iii. 8. ~ 1; Apollon. Rhod. i.
78; Strab. x. p. 447.) [L. S.]
CANI'DIA, whose real name was Gratidia, as
we learn from the scholiasts, was a Neapolitan
hetaira beloved by Horace; but when she deserted
him, he revenged himself upon her by holding her up
to contempt as an old sorceress. This was the object
of the 5th and 17th Epodes, and of the 8th Satire
of the first book. The Palinodia in the 16th ode
of the 1st book is supposed to refer to these poems.
Horace attacks her by the name of Canidia because
her real name Gratidia conveyed the idea of what
was pleasing and agreeable, while the assumed one
was associated with gray hairs and old age. (Comp.
Hor. Sat. ii. 1. 48; Schol. Acr. and Cruqu. ad loc.
and ad Sat. i. 8. 24.)
P. CANI'DIUS CRASSUS. [CRAssus.]
CANPNA, C. CLAU'DIUS, consul in B. c.
285 and 273. [CLAUDIUS.]
CANI'NIA GENS, plebeian, is not mentioned
in early Roman history. It came into notice at
the beginning of the second century before Christ.
C. Caninius Rebilus, practor in B. c. 171, was the